Prevalence, characteristics, and pathogenesis of paravascular inner retinal defects associated with epiretinal membranes

Miyoshi, Yukiko; Tsujikawa, Akitaka; Manabe, Saki; Nakano, Yüki; Fujita, Tomoyoshi; Shiragami, Chieko; Hirooka, Kazuyuki; Uji, Akihito; Muraoka, Yuki

doi:10.1007/s00417-016-3343-9

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The 7 ERMs identified in glaucomatous eyes resembled the ERM in the suspect eye in appearance on en-face and in location in the macular region. Similar to the results of Miyoshi et al, 13 ERMs in eyes with PD tended to occur within the temporal arcade and were not continuous with PDs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Only 2 of the 11 (18.2%) glaucomatous eyes with PDs had ERMs. While previous studies have shown that eyes with PDs often have ERMs, 1,5,12,13 it is likely due to the fact that both PDs and ERMs have been associated with high myopia. 5 However, in this study, all eyes had a spherical refractive error better than −6D.…”

Section: Paravascular Defectsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Note, however, that there currently exists no consensus on the naming, categorization, or identification of these inner retinal defects that form and track along blood vessels. In the case of Osaka et al, paravascular abnormalities were classified according to a pre-existing report 13 that expanded the criteria of paravascular abnormalities to include different grades of PIRDs, such that cystoid or fissure-like spaces with no openings to the vitreous cavity were distinguished from cleavages with openings to the vitreous. Note that only 2.2% of patients in the study by Osaka et al exhibited the kind of paravascular cleavage most similar to those in Muraoka et al's original paper 5 and Hood et al's previous results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Examination of the Frequency of Paravascular Defects and Epiretinal Membranes in Eyes With Early Glaucoma Using En-face Slab OCT Images

Mavrommatis¹,

Cuir²,

Reynaud³

et al. 2019

Journal of Glaucoma

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Purpose: To examine the frequency of paravascular defects (PDs) and macular epiretinal membranes (ERMs) in eyes categorized as having mild glaucoma or glaucoma suspect using enface slab analysis of optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans. Methods: 57 glaucomatous eyes, 44 low-risk suspect eyes, and 101 healthy control eyes were included in the study. The 101 glaucomatous and suspect eyes had a mean deviation (MD) better than −6dB on the 24-2 VF, and a spherical refractive error between ± 6D or axial length <26.5mm. Two OCT-graders masked to eye classification identified ERMs and PDs on en-face slab images of the macula and peripapillary retina using horizontal B-scans and derived vertical B-scans. Results: Glaucomatous eyes had a significantly higher number of PDs and ERMs than healthy controls (PD, p < 0.001; ERM, p = 0.046) and low-risk glaucoma suspects (PD, p = 0.004; ERM, p = 0.043). PDs and/or ERMs were present in 16 of 57 (28.1%) glaucomatous eyes, 2 of 44 (4.5%) suspect eyes, and 3 of 101 (3.0%) control eyes. Further, PDs were present in 11 of the 57 (19.3%) glaucomatous eyes, 1 of the 44 (2.3%) suspect eyes and 0 of the 101 (0%) control eyes, ERMs were seen in 7 of the 57 (12.3%) glaucomatous eyes, 1 of the 44 (2.3%) suspects and 3 of the 101 (3.0%) control eyes. Conclusions: Eyes with early glaucoma have a higher frequency of PDs and ERMs than suspects or controls and exhibit PDs even in the absence of ERMs or high myopia. PRÉCIS Early glaucomatous eyes have a significantly higher frequency of paravascular defects (PDs) and epiretinal membranes (ERMs) than glaucoma suspect or control eyes, and they can exhibit PDs in the absence of ERMs or high myopia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Paravascular Defectsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Examination of the Frequency of Paravascular Defects and Epiretinal Membranes in Eyes With Early Glaucoma Using En-face Slab OCT Images

Mavrommatis¹,

Cuir²,

Reynaud³

et al. 2019

Journal of Glaucoma

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“…In both studies, however, there was no mention about full-thickness retinal defects. In addition to high myopia, eyes with ERM also frequently have PVAs, showing similar lesions as those in highly myopic eyes [4]. In our previous study [5], we found that cases with PVAs had significantly greater central macular thickness; the thicker the macula, the more severe the PVA complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Retinal detachment due to paravascular abnormalities-associated breaks in highly myopic eyes

Hsieh

Yang

2018

Eye

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Purpose To describe the characteristics of a novel type of retinal detachment (RD) due to paravascular abnormalities (PVAs) associated breaks in highly myopic eyes. Methods We retrospective recruited eight eyes with RD due to PVA-associated breaks. The clinical features and surgical results were evaluated. Results All eyes were highly myopic with a mean axial length of 31.31 ± 2.86 mm (27.51-36.52 mm). Two of the eight eyes had multiple paravascular retinal breaks associated with PVAs, four had a single paravascular break with PVAs nearby, and two had multiple paravascular breaks along the same vessels. All breaks were round or oval-shaped, and only three eyes (37.5%) had their breaks located over patchy chorioretinal atrophy. Two of the eight eyes had the breaks outside the arcades, five had their breaks within the arcades, and one had a break within the arcade as well as breaks outside the arcade. Vitrectomy and epiretinal and internal limiting membrane peeling were performed in all cases, with inverted or free internal limiting membrane flap insertions for the perifoveal breaks and endolaser for the more peripheral breaks. All eyes had retinal reattachment after one single operation. Conclusion RD due to PVA-associated breaks represented a distinct entity. PVAs and the associated breaks should be searched in RD without macular hole or obvious breaks in highly myopic eyes. It may be treated as RD caused by peripheral breaks or as macular hole associated RD depending on the location of the breaks.

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“…Various OCT findings were collected, such as central foveal thickness, maximal retinal thickness, retinal contraction, the attenuation or absence of the inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction, attenuation or absence of the external limiting membrane (ELM), and the presence of intraretinal cysts, 12 lamellar holes, pseudoholes, 13 and paravascular inner retinal defects, as previously described 14 ( Fig. 1).…”

Section: Patients and Clinical Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gli1 Expression in Human Epiretinal Membranes

Baek

Lee

2017

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Citation: Jeon S, Baek J, Lee WK. Gli1 expression in human epiretinal membranes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;58:651-659. DOI:10.1167/ iovs.16-20409 PURPOSE. We evaluate the expression of Gli1 in human epiretinal membranes (ERM) and correlate this with clinical data. METHODS.We prospectively recruited patients with ERM. A total of 33 human ERM specimens were immunolabeled with anti-Gli1 antibody and the number of total cells/hyperfield (HF), Gli1(þ) cells/HF, and the percentage of Gli1(þ) cells/total cells were calculated. We evaluated the interrelationship of cellular properties and clinical findings, such as presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal breaks, intraocular inflammation, central foveal thickness, maximal retinal thickness, retinal contraction, lamellar holes, pseudoholes, the attenuation or absence of an inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction/external limiting membrane (ELM), cystic changes, and paravascular inner retinal defects.RESULTS. Among 33 specimens, 25 specimens (75.8%) showed nuclear Gli1 expression. The mean Gli1(þ) cells/total cells was 54.0 6 36.7% (range, 0%-92.8%). There was significantly higher expression of Gli1(þ) cells in ERM specimens from patients with DR (P ¼ 0.014), and lower expression from patients with retinal breaks (P ¼ 0.022). Epiretinal membrane specimens from patients with alteration of IS/OS junction/ELM or cystic changes on OCT showed higher percentage of Gli1(þ) cells/total cells. CONCLUSIONS.Gli1 expression was detected in most ERM specimens. Patients who had DR or OCT findings indicating chronic retinal insults showed higher Gli1 expression. Gli1 may have a role in the pathogenesis of ERM after chronic retinal insults.

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Prevalence, characteristics, and pathogenesis of paravascular inner retinal defects associated with epiretinal membranes

Abstract: Deviation of retinal vessels due to the traction of the ERMs may contribute to the pathogenesis of PIRDs. PIRDs often cause visual field abnormalities corresponding to the location of the defect.

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

An Examination of the Frequency of Paravascular Defects and Epiretinal Membranes in Eyes With Early Glaucoma Using En-face Slab OCT Images

An Examination of the Frequency of Paravascular Defects and Epiretinal Membranes in Eyes With Early Glaucoma Using En-face Slab OCT Images

Retinal detachment due to paravascular abnormalities-associated breaks in highly myopic eyes

Gli1 Expression in Human Epiretinal Membranes

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