Prevalence, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment Outcomes of Intra-Abdominal Hydatid Cysts: Insights from a Single Center Study in Yemen

Abstract

Purpose To analyze the demographic, clinical, and diagnostic characteristics of patients with intra-abdominal hydatid cysts, as well as their treatment outcomes, using data from a single-center study. Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with intra-abdominal hydatid cysts. Data were collected on patient demographics, clinical presentations, diagnostic imaging techniques, treatment strategies, and outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed to identify significant correlations between cyst localization and clinical outcomes. Results The study included 158 patients, with a higher prevalence in women (54.0%) than in men (46.0%). The most affected age group was 21–50 years. Abdominal pain was the predominant symptom (65.2%), with 34.8% of cases discovered incidentally. CT scans were the primary diagnostic tool (71.5%), followed by ultrasound (25.9%). Surgical intervention, particularly endocystectomy, was the main treatment approach (65.2%). Complications were infrequent but included fistula (0.9%), bile leaks (4.9%), and wound infections (41.8%), with one postoperative death due to heart disease. Significant correlations were found between cyst localization and clinical outcomes (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion Intra-abdominal hydatid cysts predominantly affect females and young to middle-aged adults. Abdominal pain is the most common symptom, and computed tomography (CT) is crucial for accurate diagnosis. Surgical intervention remains the cornerstone of treatment, with most patients experiencing complete symptom resolution. This study underscores the need for standardized diagnostic protocols, combined treatment approaches, and comprehensive posttreatment follow-up. Continued research and multidisciplinary collaboration are essential for improving patient outcomes and reducing the disease burden.