Prevalence, correlates, and trends in tobacco use and cessation among current, former, and never adult marijuana users with a history of tobacco use, 2005–2014

Schauer, Gillian L.; King, Brian A.; McAfee, Tim

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.04.023

Cited by 47 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Worse cannabis cessation outcomes have been demonstrated among co-users compared to former and never cigarette smokers (Moore and Budney, 2001; Peters et al, 2012). Co-users have also been shown to have lower rates of sustained tobacco abstinence (Schauer et al, 2017), though another study found no impact of cannabis use on tobacco cessation (Rabin et al, 2016). Taken together, the impact of tobacco cannabis co-use may adversely affect cessation success among co-users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco use during cannabis cessation: Use patterns and impact on abstinence in a National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network study

McClure

Baker

Sonne

et al. 2018

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background: It is common for cannabis users to also use tobacco. While data suggest that tobacco users have more difficulty achieving cannabis cessation, secondary analyses of clinical trial data sets may provide insight into the moderating variables contributing to this relationship, as well as changes in tobacco use during cannabis treatment. Those were the aims of this secondary analysis. Methods: The parent study was a multi-site trial of N-acetylcysteine for cannabis dependence conducted within the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network. Participants were treatment-seeking adults (ages 18–50) who met criteria for cannabis dependence (N=302). For cigarette smokers (n=117), tobacco use was assessed via timeline follow-back and nicotine dependence was assessed via the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Outcome measures included: 1) changes in tobacco use based on treatment assignment, nicotine dependence, and concurrent cannabis reduction/abstinence, and 2) independent associations between nicotine dependence and cannabis abstinence. Results: Cigarette smokers accounted for 39% of the sample (117/302), with a median FTND score of 3.0 (10-point scale). Among those with lower baseline nicotine dependence scores, cigarette smoking was reduced in the active treatment group compared to placebo. Those with moderate/high levels of nicotine dependence showed slight increases in smoking following active treatment. Nicotine dependence did not affect cannabis cessation. Conclusions: Cigarette smoking during cannabis treatment was affected, but depended on baseline nicotine dependence severity, though dependence levels did not impact cannabis abstinence. Interventions that address both tobacco and cannabis are needed, especially due to an increasing prevalence of cannabis use.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco use during cannabis cessation: Use patterns and impact on abstinence in a National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network study

McClure

Baker

Sonne

et al. 2018

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…Among concurrent users, motivation to reduce marijuana (Ramo et al, 2014) and the relative perception of harm from use of marijuana have been lower than for tobacco. Concurrent use of marijuana and tobacco products may promote persistent tobacco use and decreased motivation to alter use of marijuana (Amos et al, 2004), reduce users' interest in quitting tobacco (Ford et al, 2002;Gourlay et al, 1994;Metrik et al, 2011), and reduce success in cessation (Schauer et al, 2017). By impairing cessation efforts, concurrent use may serve to exacerbate the negative consequences from both tobacco and marijuana.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marijuana use among US tobacco users: Findings from wave 1 of the population assessment of tobacco health (PATH) study

Strong

Myers

Pulvers

et al. 2018

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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A B S T R A C TBackground: With an increase in marijuana use among adults in the United States (US), understanding the potential impact of marijuana use on tobacco use and associated behavioral and health consequences, including respiratory conditions, is necessary. Method: Survey responses from Wave 1 of the nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study were used to assess tobacco use and marijuana use among non-current tobacco users (n = 17,952) and current established tobacco-users classified as: cigarette only users (n = 8689), e-cigarette only users (n = 437), cigar only (traditional, cigarillo, or filtered) users (n = 706), hookah only users (n = 461), smokeless tobacco only users (n = 971), cigarette + e-cigarette users (n = 709), and users of multiple tobacco products (n = 2314). Results: When compared to non-current tobacco users, each tobacco user group except smokeless only users had higher odds (odds ratios ranging from 3.86-8.07) of reporting current marijuana use. Among current tobacco users, higher levels of tobacco dependence did not explain the relationship between tobacco use and marijuana use. Additionally, concurrent marijuana use was associated with lower odds of attempts to quit tobacco (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.79, 0.94, p < 0.001) and a higher probability (OR = 1.35, 95CI = 1.21, 1.51, p < 0.01) of reporting a history of respiratory disease. Conclusions:The association between concurrent use of tobacco and marijuana and higher tobacco dependence and lower rates of quit attempts suggests the potential for sustained tobacco use and deleterious health effects. Further, marijuana use may represent an additive risk for respiratory harm among concurrent users of tobacco and marijuana.

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“…In the United States it is smoked more commonly without tobacco, but co-use (i.e. use of both products but not simultaneously) is increasing across all age groups [2][3][4]. Popova et al [1] do not detail the usage patterns of their interviewees, but evidence suggests that many US young adults do co-use [3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While evidence on the impact of couse is provided by a number of survey studies [3,4,12,13], we still know very little about users' perspectives on interchanging products, whether or not this occurs consciously, and what are the perceived outcomes for users.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The natural history of co-use, cessation and the potential for the substitution effect of cannabis and tobacco [14] also requires exploration particularly from their perspective of the user [3,4,12]. Additionally, we need to know which quit methods are practised and appear feasible and effective, whether dual quit attempts are simultaneous or sequential and what role other products such as e-cigarettes (and cannabis vaporizers [15]) might play.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Commentary on Popova et al. (2017): Co‐used and co‐administered tobacco and cannabis (marijuana) require further investigation

2017

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Prevalence, correlates, and trends in tobacco use and cessation among current, former, and never adult marijuana users with a history of tobacco use, 2005–2014

Cited by 47 publications

References 24 publications

Tobacco use during cannabis cessation: Use patterns and impact on abstinence in a National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network study

Tobacco use during cannabis cessation: Use patterns and impact on abstinence in a National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network study

Marijuana use among US tobacco users: Findings from wave 1 of the population assessment of tobacco health (PATH) study

Commentary on Popova et al. (2017): Co‐used and co‐administered tobacco and cannabis (marijuana) require further investigation

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