Prevalence, determinants and outcomes of unplanned pregnancy and perspectives on termination of pregnancy among women in Nganglam, Bhutan

Choden, Jigme; Pem, Rinzin; Pathak, Abhijeet

doi:10.47811/bhj.06

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The proper use of modern contraception among sexually active people prevents unintended pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy and STI [ 19 ]. A study in the bordering town of Bhutan showed that lower use of contraceptives led to unintended pregnancy in 20% of the women [ 20 ]. Although abortion (except for medical reasons) is illegal in Bhutan, it is a common procedure across the international border with India [ 21 ] often with unsafe methods leading to complications and death [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and attitude on sexually transmitted infections and contraceptive use among university students in Bhutan

Dorji¹,

Wangmo²,

Tshering

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Objectives The unmet needs of contraception can lead to unintended pregnancy and transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STI). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the contraception use, knowledge, and attitude on STI among students under Royan University of Bhutan (RUB). Methods This was a cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed in Google forms and the link was shared through the college WeChat groups. The questionnaire consisted of four parts on socio-demographic, sexual behaviour and contraceptive use, knowledge, and attitude on STIs. All the students under RUB were invited to participate voluntarily in this study. The socio-demography was presented in frequency and proportion. Result A total of 1,283 students participated in this survey and 55.0% (701) were females. Of this, 29.4% (377) were sexually active and 94.4% reported using modern contraception. Commonly used contraceptives were: condoms (83.8%, 316) and emergency contraceptives (20.6%, 78), respectively. The mean knowledge and attitude scores on STI were 9.94 (range 2–20) and 12 (range 2–14), respectively. Good knowledge and attitude on STI were reported in 53.2% (683) and 70.1% (899) of participants. Conclusion Students reported average knowledge and a good attitude towards STI. Contraceptive use among university students was low. There is a need to strengthen health education on STIs in schools and universities. All forms of contraceptives especially condoms should be made easily available to sexually active people.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and attitude on sexually transmitted infections and contraceptive use among university students in Bhutan

Dorji¹,

Wangmo²,

Tshering

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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“…The barriers are related to health institution accessibility, autonomy, reproductive health-related knowledge, health service quality, and the current state of the health care system during the corona virus disease (COVID-19) era. 10 , 21 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The barriers are related to health institution accessibility, autonomy, reproductive healthrelated knowledge, health service quality, and the current state of the health care system during the corona virus disease (COVID-19) era. 10,21 Coronavirus is a contagious disease exacerbated by a recently discovered coronavirus. It started in China in December 2019, and it is still a major public health concern around the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unintended pregnancy and associated factors during COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia: Community-based cross-sectional study

Molla

Hailemariam

Mengistu

et al. 2022

Womens Health (Lond Engl)

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Introduction: The term ‘unintended pregnancy’ refers to a pregnancy that occurred when no children were desired or occurred earlier than desired. Unintended births account for one out of every three births in Ethiopia, and they are the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, this could be useful. COVID-19 has a significant impact on maternal health care utilization, including family planning services. As a result, this study aimed to assess unintended pregnancy and associated factors in Ethiopia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gedeo zone, Ethiopia, from April 1 to May 30, 2021. A simple random sampling technique was utilized to get 383 pregnant women from their respective kebeles. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data during a face-to-face interview. The data were coded, cleaned, and entered into Epidemiological Data Version 3.1 before being exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science Version 23.0 for analysis. A bivariate and multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify statistically significant associations between dependent and independent variables. The odds ratio, with a 95% confidence interval and a P value of 0.05%, was considered statistically significant. Result: A total of 383 pregnant women participated in the study, giving a response rate of 90.8%. During the COVID-19 pandemic, 140 (36.6%) participants stated that their current pregnancy was unintended. Unintended pregnancy was significantly associated with respondents’ age (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 5.214 (1.449–18.762)), primary decision maker for family planning services (AOR = 9.510 (5.057–17.887)), and fear of COVID-19 to visit a health care facility (AOR = 7.061 (2.665–18.710)). Conclusion: During the COVID-19 era, more than one-third of women had unintended pregnancies. Unintended pregnancy was significantly associated with respondents’ age, autonomy to use contraceptive methods, and fear of COVID-19, which required them to attend a health care institution.

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“…According to the RNR Census report (2019), Paro is the highest appleproducing district with 2,417.72 MT (65.62%), followed by Thimphu with 755.24 MT (20.50%), and Haa with 293.32 MT (7.96%). The mean annual temperature in the study sites varies from 4.6 ˚C in winter to 23 ˚C in summer (NCHM, 2017), which is considered very suitable for apple cultivation (Choden and Shahnawaz, 2015), and the mean annual rainfall varies between 386.3 mm and 858.4 mm (NCHM, 2017).…”

Section: Location Of the Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apples were introduced in Bhutan in the late 1960s and have been a leading cash crop in the country for over a decade (Choden and Shahnawaz, 2015). Apples in Bhutan are grown in the temperate zone (1,800-4,500 m above sea level) and are planted even on steep mountainous terrain by curving outward sloping terraces with a maximum of 30 degrees slope to prevent waterlogging (Choden and Shahnawaz, 2015), as Bhutan's agricultural policy encourages farmers to plant apples on marginal sloping lands that are unsuitable for cultivation of other crops (Partap et al, 2012). According to the RNR Census report (2019) of Bhutan, there are 5,533 apple growers in the country and a total of 263,702 apple trees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmers’ Perception on Pollinators and Apple Pollination in Western Bhutan

Dorji¹,

Marshall²,

Tashi³

et al. 2022

BJNRD

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Apples are one of the most important global fruit crops both in terms of yield and economic value, and rely on insect pollination. Pollination has been shown to increase apple production and economic value. The apple production in Bhutan has decreased from 7,051 MT in 2014 to 3,684 MT in 2018. Among the factors identified for the decline of apple quality and yield, pollinator deficits in orchards and inefficient pollination are hypothesised to be less recognised among Bhutanese farmers. Here we surveyed the knowledge and perception of farmers towards apple pollination and pollinators in the three dominant apple-producing districts of Bhutan: Thimphu, Paro, and Haa. One hundred and five farmers (35 from each district) were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. When asked about the yield trend compared to previous years, 74.3% of the respondents noticed a decrease in yield compared to the year 2019, and 96.2% of the respondents said yield has decreased over the last five years. Sixty percent of the farmers were unaware of apple pollination and the importance of pol-linators. The farmers could not differentiate between different pollinator species, with honeybees be-ing the only pollinator known to the farmers. Education and years of working experience were found to influence farmers’ knowledge about pollinators and apple pollination. This study establishes base-line information of farmers’ knowledge in Bhutan, which will be useful to improve farm management practices that will benefit apple quality and productivity, as well as pollinator conservation.

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Prevalence, determinants and outcomes of unplanned pregnancy and perspectives on termination of pregnancy among women in Nganglam, Bhutan

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Knowledge and attitude on sexually transmitted infections and contraceptive use among university students in Bhutan

Knowledge and attitude on sexually transmitted infections and contraceptive use among university students in Bhutan

Unintended pregnancy and associated factors during COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia: Community-based cross-sectional study

Farmers’ Perception on Pollinators and Apple Pollination in Western Bhutan

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