Prevalence, distribution and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis bloodstream isolates

Bonfietti, Lucas Xavier; Martins, Marilena dos Anjos; Szeszs, Maria Walderez; Pukiskas, Sandra Brasil Stolf; Purisco, Sônia Ueda; Pimentel, Fabiana Cortez; Pereira, Graziella Hanna; Silva, Dayane Cristina; Oliveira, Lilian J.; Melhem, Márcia de Souza Carvalho

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.037812-0

Cited by 42 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Therefore these antifungals seem to be the most active drug for candidiasis treatment. In our study MIC 90 of fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole for C. parapsilosis were 2, 0.5, and 0.25 μ g/mL whereas Zhang et al, Tay et al, and Bonfietti et al obtained 2, 0.062, and 0.25 μ g/mL, 4, 0.19, and 0.047 μ g/mL, 2, 0.06, and 0.03 μ g/mL, respectively, as MIC 90 to mention antifungal drugs [38, 43, 44]. Our results indicated that C. parapsilosis isolates from endotracheal tube were highly susceptible to caspofungin and amphotericin B; this data also shows that the concentration of 0.5 μ g/mL of this medicine is able to inhibit 90% of mentioned isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns ofCandidaSpecies Recovered from Endotracheal Tube in an Intensive Care Unit

Baghdadi

Khodavaisy

Rezaie

et al. 2016

Advances in Medicine

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Aims. Biofilms formed by Candida species which associated with drastically enhanced resistance against most antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to identify and determine the antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida species isolated from endotracheal tubes from ICU patients. Methods. One hundred forty ICU patients with tracheal tubes who were intubated and mechanically ventilated were surveyed for endotracheal tube biofilms. Samples were processed for quantitative microbial culture. Yeast isolates were identified to the species level based on morphological characteristics and their identity was confirmed by PCR-RFLP. Antifungal susceptibility testing was determined according to CLSI document (M27-A3). Results. Ninety-five strains of Candida were obtained from endotracheal tubes of which C. albicans (n = 34; 35.7%) was the most frequently isolated species followed by other species which included C. glabrata (n = 24; 25.2%), C. parapsilosis (n = 16; 16.8%), C. tropicalis (n = 12; 12.6%), and C. krusei (n = 9; 9.4%). The resulting MIC90 for all Candida species were in increasing order as follows: caspofungin (0.5 μg/mL); amphotericin B (2 μg/mL); voriconazole (8.8 μg/mL); itraconazole (16 μg/mL); and fluconazole (64 μg/mL). Conclusion. Candida species recovered from endotracheal tube are the most susceptible to caspofungin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns ofCandidaSpecies Recovered from Endotracheal Tube in an Intensive Care Unit

Baghdadi

Khodavaisy

Rezaie

et al. 2016

Advances in Medicine

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“…However, C. orthopsilosis is more frequently identified than C . metapsilosis (Bonfietti et al 2012; Riccombeni et al 2012), although both species have been associated with several outbreaks of infection in addition to sporadic cases (Lockhart et al 2008; Ge et al 2012; Taj-Aldeen et al 2013). Although the commensal status of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto in humans is well known, that of the other two species from the C. parapsilosis complex has not been confirmed yet, although a metagenomic study indicated the presence of C. metapsilosis in the oral cavity of healthy human subjects (Ghannoum et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Comparison of Candida orthopsilosis Clinical Strains Reveals the Existence of Hybrids between Two Distinct Subspecies

Pryszcz¹,

Németh²,

Gácser³

et al. 2014

Genome Biology and Evolution

104

172

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The Candida parapsilosis species complex comprises a group of emerging human pathogens of varying virulence. This complex was recently subdivided into three different species: C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, C. metapsilosis, and C. orthopsilosis. Within the latter, at least two clearly distinct subspecies seem to be present among clinical isolates (Type 1 and Type 2). To gain insight into the genomic differences between these subspecies, we undertook the sequencing of a clinical isolate classified as Type 1 and compared it with the available sequence of a Type 2 clinical strain. Unexpectedly, the analysis of the newly sequenced strain revealed a highly heterozygous genome, which we show to be the consequence of a hybridization event between both identified subspecies. This implicitly suggests that C. orthopsilosis is able to mate, a so-far unanswered question. The resulting hybrid shows a chimeric genome that maintains a similar gene dosage from both parental lineages and displays ongoing loss of heterozygosity. Several of the differences found between the gene content in both strains relate to virulent-related families, with the hybrid strain presenting a higher copy number of genes coding for efflux pumps or secreted lipases. Remarkably, two clinical strains isolated from distant geographical locations (Texas and Singapore) are descendants of the same hybrid line, raising the intriguing possibility of a relationship between the hybridization event and the global spread of a virulent clone.

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“…parapsilosis sensu stricto and C . orthopsilosis [5], [6]. Furthermore, according to a recent study, isolates of C .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Virulence Properties in the C. parapsilosis Sensu Lato Species

et al. 2013

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The C. parapsilosis sensu lato group involves three closely related species, C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, C . orthopsilosis and C . metapsilosis . Although their overall clinical importance is dramatically increasing, there are few studies regarding the virulence properties of the species of the psilosis complex. In this study, we tested 63 C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, 12 C . metapsilosis and 18 C . orthopsilosis isolates for the ability to produce extracellular proteases, secrete lipases and form pseudohyphae. Significant differences were noted between species, with the C . metapsilosis strains failing to secrete lipase or to produce pseudohyphae. Nine different clinical isolates each of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, C . orthopsilosis and C . metapsilosis were co-cultured with immortalized murine or primary human macrophages. C. parapsilosis sensu stricto isolates showed a significantly higher resistance to killing by primary human macrophages compared to C . orthopsilosis and C . metapsilosis isolates. In contrast, the killing of isolates by J774.2 mouse macrophages did not differ significantly between species. However, C. parapsilosis sensu stricto isolates induced the most damage to murine and human macrophages, and C . metapsilosis strains were the least toxic. Furthermore, strains that produced lipase or pseudohyphae were most resistant to macrophage-mediated killing and produced the most cellular damage. Finally, we used 9 isolates of each of the C. parapsilosis sensus lato species to examine their impact on the survival of Galleria mellonella larvae. The mortality rate of G . mellonella larvae infected with C . metapsilosis isolates was significantly lower than those infected with C. parapsilosis sensu stricto or C . orthopsilosis strains. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that C . metapsilosis is indeed the least virulent member of the psilosis group, and also highlight the importance of pseudohyphae and secreted lipases during fungal-host interactions.

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Prevalence, distribution and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis bloodstream isolates

Cited by 42 publications

References 46 publications

Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns ofCandidaSpecies Recovered from Endotracheal Tube in an Intensive Care Unit

Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns ofCandidaSpecies Recovered from Endotracheal Tube in an Intensive Care Unit

Genome Comparison of Candida orthopsilosis Clinical Strains Reveals the Existence of Hybrids between Two Distinct Subspecies

Characterization of Virulence Properties in the C. parapsilosis Sensu Lato Species

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