Prevalence, diversity and co-occurrence of the white spot syndrome virus, monodon baculovirus and Penaeus stylirostris densovirus in wild populations of Penaeus monodon in the Philippines

Abstract

The farming of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon in the Philippines relies on wild broodstock. PCR was thus used to determine the prevalence of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), monodon baculovirus (MBV) and Penaeus stylirostris densovirus (PstDV) in a total of 178 shrimp from 6 geographically disparate locations where broodstock are captured for use in hatcheries. PCR amplicons were also sequenced to identify phylogenetic relationships of the virus haplotypes detected. Shrimp from southeastern Luzon (Camarines Norte) had the highest prevalence of each of the 3 viruses and were frequently co-infected with 2 or more viruses. No viruses were detected in shrimp from northwestern Luzon (Pangasinan). MBV was most prevalent and PstDV strains displayed the most genetic diversity. WSSV was detected at 3 sites, and a VP28 gene sequence examined was invariant and consistent with strains found in many countries, including Thailand, China, Japan, Korea, Indonesia, Iran, Brazil and Mexico. WSSV open reading frame 94 gene sequence analysis identified location-specific repeat types. MBV sequences were dissimilar to haplotypes detected in India. PstDV sequences were diverse and included 2 lineages detected either in Australia or in the United States, Ecuador, Taiwan, China and Vietnam. The PCR data confirmed that WSSV, MBV and PstDV are endemic in P. monodon in the Philippines but that populations at some locations might remain free of infection.

Co-Infection of Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) and White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in the Wild Crustaceans of Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India

“…The incidences of viral diseases in aquaculture species, particularly crustaceans such as shrimps and crabs have been well studied [ 5 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. On the other hand, studies on viral infections in wild marine crustaceans are restricted to few reports [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. It is also reported that once these infections were established it would have an impact on wild crustaceans [ 29 ].…”

Shrimp Infectious Diseases and Diagnostics in the Philippines

“…MBV has also been found in wild populations of P. monodon across the country, including Negros Occidental and Bohol, which serve as sources of broodstock and spawners for hatcheries (de la Peña et al 2008). MBV screening of Orosco and Lluisma (2017) also revealed ~30% cumulative MBV prevalence among sampled P. monodon in the country in 2017.…”

Transcriptomic Insights and the Development of Microsatellite Markers to Assess Genetic Diversity in the Broodstock Management of Litopenaeus stylirostris

“…Whether these problems arise from gene erosion in germplasms, or a lack of genetic management remains unclear [ 16 , 17 ]. Therefore, identifying the molecular markers to explore the genetic diversity and the strategic development of the genetic breeding management of this species is important [ 18 ].…”