Prevalence, Drug Resistance, and Genotypic Diversity of the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Beijing Family in Ecuador

Garzon-Chavez, Daniel; Zurita, Jeannete; Mora-Pinargote, Carlos; Franco-Sotomayor, Greta; Leon-Benitez, Margarita; Granda-Pardo, Juan Carlos; Trueba, Gabriel; García-Bereguiaín, Miguel Angel; Waard, Jacobus H. de

doi:10.1089/mdr.2018.0429

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A low prevalence of two other lineages, namely 2 and 3 was found: lineage 2-Beijing has been detected in other countries in South America 6,30,33,34,51 and was mostly linked to Chinese immigrants. Beijing has a high prevalence in Peru and Colombia but a low prevalence in Ecuador, which is in agreement with 4 previous reports [7][8][9]52 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Although the MTBC genetic diversity has been well described for some countries of the Americas, there is an important lack of information for others 6 , and there is little information on the genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis in Ecuador. Two reports showed a low prevalence of the Beijing family in the country 7,8 and another study analyzed strains from the capital Quito showing a high prevalence of lineage 4 9 . Although this latter was a pioneer study in addressing the population structure of MTBC in Ecuador, it has limitations due to the limited sample size (104 isolates), drug resistance profile (all isolates were resistant to isoniazid, rifampicin or both) and location (all strains came from one single hospital in Quito).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Population structure and genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Ecuador

Garzon-Chavez

García-Bereguiaín

Mora-Pinargote

et al. 2020

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant public health problem in Ecuador with an incidence of 43 per 100,000 inhabitants and an estimated multidrug-resistant-TB prevalence in all TB cases of 9%. Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTBC) is important to understand regional transmission dynamics. This study aims to describe the main MTBC lineages and sublineages circulating in the country. A representative sample of 373 MTBC strains from 22 provinces of Ecuador, with data comprising geographic origin and drug susceptibility, were genotyped using 24 loci-MIRU-VNTR. For strains with an ambiguous sublineage designation, the lineage was confirmed by Regions of Difference analysis or by Whole Genome Sequencing. We show that lineage 4 is predominant in Ecuador (98.3% of the strains). Only 4 strains belong to lineages 2-sublineage Beijing and two strains to lineage 3-sublineage Delhi. Lineage 4 strains included sublineages LAM (45.7%), Haarlem (31.8%), S (13.1%), X (4.6%), Ghana (0.6%) and NEW (0.3%). The LAM sublineage showed the strongest association with antibiotic resistance. The X and S sublineages were found predominantly in the Coastal and the Andean regions respectively and the reason for the high prevalence of these strains in Ecuador should be addressed in future studies. Our database constitutes a tool for MIRU-VNTR pattern comparison of M. tuberculosis isolates for national and international epidemiologic studies and phylogenetic purposes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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confidence: 99%

Population structure and genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Ecuador

Garzon-Chavez

García-Bereguiaín

Mora-Pinargote

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Similarly, Beijing strains were detected only among pan-drug susceptible TB cases in Paraguay [17]. On the other hand, Beijing strains from Ecuador have been found in both drug susceptible and resistant TB cases, although not clustered [18,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Genetic profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed “modern” Beijing strains linked to MDR-TB from Southwestern Colombia

et al. 2020

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Beijing strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (lineage 2) have been associated with drug-resistance and transmission of tuberculosis worldwide. Most of the Beijing strains identified in the Colombian Pacific coast have exhibited a multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotype. We sought to evaluate the clonality and sublineage of Beijing strains circulating in Southwestern Colombia. Thirty-seven Beijing strains were identified through spoligotyping out of 311 clinical isolates collected in 9 years from 2002-2010. Further analysis by MIRU-VNTR 24 loci was conducted for the Beijing strains. For sublineage classification, deletions of RD105, RD207, and RD131 and point mutations at fbpB, mutT2, and acs were evaluated. Drug-resistance associated mutations to first-and second-line anti-TB drugs were also evaluated. Additionally, two Beijing strains were Illumina-whole genome sequenced (one MDR and one drug-susceptible). Among the 37 Beijing strains characterized, 36 belonged to the SIT190 type from which 28 were MDR, four pre-extensively drug resistant (XDR) TB, and four XDR-TB. The remaining strain was SIT1 and drug susceptible. MIRU-VNTR analysis allowed the identification of three Beijing clusters and two unique strains. Beijing strains were confirmed as "modern" sublineage. The mutations rpoB S531L and katG S315T were the most common among MDR strains. Moreover, the two strains evaluated by whole genome sequencing (WGS) shared most of the genetic features with the sublineage 2.2.1 "modern" Beijing previously characterized from Asian strains. WGS analysis of the MDR strain revealed the presence of eight SNPs previously reported in other MDR "Beijing-like" strains from Colombia. The presence of "modern" Beijing strains in Southwestern Colombia, most of them with MDR phenotype, suggests a different origin of this M. tuberculosis sublineage compared to other Beijing strains found in neighboring South American countries. This work may serve as a genetic baseline to

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“…The sublineages with the lowest prevalence are Cameroon (0.83%) and Delhi (0.4%), which are sublineages belonging to lineages 3 and 4 (Table 1). The percentage of unidentified isolates (5.87%) is a relatively low value due to the use of more sensitive and specific techniques such as MIRU-VNTR 24-loci and WGS (Garzon-Chavez et al, 2019, 2020Jiménez et al, 2017;Zurita et al, 2019).…”

Section: Ecuadormentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages in South America

Vinueza

Paola

2021

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Molecular genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis allows for the identification of circulating lineages and sublineages in the population and their relationship with migratory movements. The purpose of this review is to describe the phylogeography of Mycobacterium tuberculosis reported in South American countries that was analyzed using genotyping tools, analyze the Tuberculosis hotspots for the region and determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Tuberculosis control program. The Latin American Mediterranean (LAM) sublineage belonging to the Euro-American lineage (Lineage 4) presents the highest prevalence in South America and is followed by the Beijing sublineage belonging to the East Asian lineage (Lineage 2). The Beijing sublineage is considered of worldwide interest because of its association with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), which is almost entirely distributed in South America, with Peru being the country with the highest prevalence for this sublineage. On the other hand, the Indo-Oceanic (Lineage 1), India-East Asia (Lineage 3) and West- African 2 (Lineage 6) sublineages have been reported with lower prevalence in South America. The molecular techniques used in the genotyping studies for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in South America were as follows: typing by complementary oligonucleotide spacer sequences (Spoligotyping), restriction-hybridization patterns (IS6110-RFLP, PGRS-RFLP), mycobacterial interspaced repeat units-variable number tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR) and whole genome sequencing (WGS). At present, Brazil and Peru are the hotspots for tuberculosis and MDR-TB in South America, where the control of tuberculosis wholly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, there have been significant impacts on containment programs and possible post-pandemic scenarios such that scientific contributions will need to be evaluated and implemented with new strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment and control of Tuberculosis.

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Prevalence, Drug Resistance, and Genotypic Diversity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Family in Ecuador

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Population structure and genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Ecuador

Population structure and genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Ecuador

Genetic profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed “modern” Beijing strains linked to MDR-TB from Southwestern Colombia

Distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages in South America

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