Prevalence Estimates of Amyloid Abnormality Across the Alzheimer Disease Clinical Spectrum

Abstract

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Diagnostic value of serum versus plasma phospho-tau for Alzheimer’s disease

“…CSF Aβ 42 /Aβ 40 is an early AD biomarker, often becoming abnormal ahead of Aβ-PET [ 40 ]. The accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and simplicity advantages of blood make it a highly attractive biofluid for clinical chemistry evaluation of biological changes in disease.…”

Peripheral Pathways to Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction, Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer’s Disease

“…In a recent study of 747 individuals, subtle cognitive difficulties associated with entorhinal cortex atrophy were present prior to amyloid plaque formation ( Thomas et al, 2020 ). Recent estimates show that more than a third of cognitively normal people over the age of 70 and more than a half of individuals over the age of 95 have elevated Aβ 42 in their CSF ( Jansen et al, 2022 ). Most disappointingly, more than 30 Phase three clinical trials of drugs targeting Aβ have failed to slow cognitive decline in AD ( Ayton and Bush, 2020 ).…”

Genetic Risk for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Predicts Cognitive Decline and Development of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathophysiology in Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults

“…Although brain Aβ load is associated with AD-related cognitive decline (25), Aβ pathology alone seems not to be not sufficient to cause it (25). For example, it is well established that around 30% of CU individuals older than 55 years of age present brain Aβ pathology and that a large portion of these individuals remains cognitively intact during their lives (26). This supports that the association between Aβ accumulation and cognitive deterioration depends on patients’ intrinsic resilience and susceptibility mechanisms.…”