Prevalence for nematodes of hygiene-sanitary importance in fish from Colares Island and Vigia, Pará, Brasil

Abstract

Zoonotic parasites can infect fish and be a serious threat to human health. The objective of this research was to estimate the prevalence for the main fish-borne zoonotic parasitic diseases of freshwater fish marketed in Colares Island and Vigia, Pará, Brazil. In February, 2012, 85 (40 of Colares and 45 of Vigia) fish were randomly sampled by means of net fishing. Eighty and 76% of fish sampled were parasitized, being silver croacker (Plagioscion squamosissimus), kumakuma (Brachyplatystoma filamentosum), and gilded catfish (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii) the species most parasitized. The most prevalent parasites were Anisakis (50% in Colares and 49% in Vigia) and Contracaecum (60% in Colares and 40% in Vigia), followed by Pseudoterranova (2% in Colares and 11% in Vigia), Eustrongylides (10% in Colares and 0% in Vigia) and Hysterothylacium (2% in Colares and 7% in Vigia) in the species: silver croacker, kumakuma and gilded catfish, in both cities. Mesentery (55%) was the organ with highest level of intense infestation. A greater proportion of massive infestation was observed in females (57%) than in males (12%). Results of this study indicate that fish caught in Colares and Vigia could be of high risk for consumer.Keywords: Anisakidae, Eustrongylides, zoonosis, Public Health, Amazonia. ResumoParasitos zoonóticos podem infectar peixes e causar sérios agravos à saúde humana. O objetivo do presente estudo foi estimar a prevalência e identificar os fatores de risco para doenças parasitárias veiculadas por peixes de água doce comercializados na ilha de Colares e Vigia, Pará, Brazil. Em fevereiro de 2012, 85 peixes (40 de Colares e 45 de Vigia) foram coletados de forma aleatória com redes de pesca. Oitenta por cento e 76% dos peixes amostrados estavam parasitados, sendo a corvina (Plagioscion squamosissimus), piramutaba (Brachyplatystoma filamentosum) e dourada (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii), as espécies mais parasitadas. Os parasitos mais prevalentes foram: Anisakis (50% em Colares e 49% em Vigia) e Contracaecum (60% em Colares e 40% em Vigia), seguido pelo Pseudoterranova (2% em Colares e 11% em Vigia), Eustrongylides (10% em Colares e 0% em Vigia) e Hysterothylacium (2% em Colares e 7% em Vigia) nas espécies: corvina, piramutaba e dourada, em ambos os municípios. O mesentério (55%) foi o órgão que apresentou infestação maciça em maior quantidade. A infestação maciça também foi observada com maior proporção em fêmeas (57%) do que em machos (12%). Os resultados deste estudo indicam que o peixe capturado em Colares e Vigia pode ser de alto risco para a o consumidor.

Anisakid larva parasitizing Plagioscion squamosissimus in Marajó Bay and Tapajós River, state of Pará, Brazil

“…The prevalence in their study was around 75% higher than what was found in the present study for Anisakis sp. Rodrigues et al (2015) recorded that the prevalence of Anisakis sp. in the same host was slightly lower (10%) than that of the present study.…”

“…The present study expands the occurrence of Anisakis sp. in P. squamosissimus to two additional municipalities in the state of Pará (RODRIGUES et al, 2015).…”

“…There is also one record in a fish species that inhabits freshwater and brackish water, P. squamosissimus, in the municipality of Colares, state of Pará (RODRIGUES et al, 2015).…”

“…In Brazil, there are many records of helminth parasites in this host, including anisakid species (MARTINS et al, 2000;TAVARES et al, 2007;EIRAS et al, 2010;DIAS et al, 2011;MELO et al, 2014;RODRIGUES et al, 2015).…”

Immune response of teleost fish to helminth parasite infection

“…The most fish-borne nematodes found in humans are members of Anisakidae and Gnathostomatidae families, and Capillaria philippinensis of Trichinellidae family (EIRAS et al, 2018). The nematodes of these families are reported as parasites of many species of marine and freshwater fishes, but infection in humans can occur by consuming fishes alive, raw or undercooked (CAVALCANTI et al, 2012;ANDRADE-PORTO et al, 2015;RODRIGUES et al, 2015).…”