Prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates of breast cancer in Kazakhstan: data from the Unified National Electronic Health System, 2014–2019

Abstract

BackgroundAlthough there are numerous sources of epidemiologic information on breast cancer in Kazakhstan, none of them have specifically examined the burden of this disease. Therefore, this article aims to provide an overview of the breast cancer prevalence, incidence, mortality, and distribution and changes over time in Kazakhstan based on nationwide large-scale healthcare data from the National Registry in order to encourage more research on the impact of various diseases at the regional and national levels.MethodsThe study cohort included all adult women older than 25 years who were diagnosed with breast cancer in any clinical setting of the Republic of Kazakhstan during the period of 2014–2019. The data were extracted from the Unified Nationwide Electronic Health System (UNEHS) to get an overview of descriptive statistics, incidence, prevalence, and mortality rate calculations and the Cox proportional hazards regression model. All survival functions and factors associated with mortality were tested for significance.ResultsThe cohort population (n = 55,465) comprised subjects with the age at the diagnosis of breast cancer from 25 to 97 years, with a mean of 55.7 ± 12.0 years. The majority of the study population belonged to the age group 45–59 years, which is 44.8% of the cohort. The all-cause mortality rate of the cohort is 16%. The prevalence rate increased from 30.4 per 10,000 population in 2014 to 50.6 in 2019. The incidence rate varied from 4.5 per 10,000 population in 2015 to 7.3 in 2016. Mortality rates were stable and high in the senile age patients (75–89 years old). Breast cancer mortality was positively associated with women who had been diagnosed with diabetes, HR 1.2 (95% CI, 1.1–2.3), whereas it was negatively associated with arterial hypertension, HR 0.4 (95% CI, 0.4–0.5).ConclusionOverall, Kazakhstan is experiencing an increase in the incidence of breast cancer cases, but the mortality rate has started to decline. The switch to population mammography screening could reduce the breast cancer mortality rate. These findings should be utilized to help Kazakhstan determine what cancer control priorities should be utilized, including the need to implement efficient and affordable screening and prevention programs.

Role of Clinical Risk Factors and B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Assessing the Risk of Asymptomatic Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer Patients in Kazakhstan

“…In our cohort, patients who developed CTRCD differed from those without CTRCD by the presence of previously existing diseases: hypertension (p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (p 0.001), and ischemic heart disease (0.023). According to Kazakhstan researchers, BC mortality was associated with women diagnosed with diabetes (HR 1.2) and arterial hypertension (HR 0.4) [3].…”

“…The all-cause mortality rate for BC within 2014-2019 was 16%. The prevalence rate increased to 50.6 in 2019, and the incidence rate varied from 4.5 per 10,000 population to 7.3 [3].…”

Association of Genetic Markers with the Risk of Early-Onset Breast Cancer in Kazakh Women

“…To address these issues, the Kazakhstani government, in collaboration with international organizations, has implemented various initiatives to improve breast cancer prevention, screening, and treatment. These initiatives include public awareness campaigns, training of healthcare providers, and the establishment of breast cancer screening programs [1][2][3].…”

In silico evaluation of potential breast cancer receptor antagonists from GC-MS and HPLC identified compounds in Pleurotus ostreatus extracts

“…11,12 Breast cancer is a major public health issue worldwide due to its high prevalence, mortality rates, disparities in access to care, and emotional impact on individuals, families, communities, and healthcare systems. [13][14][15] The disease is the most oen diagnosed cancer among women worldwide, with a high mortality rate. [16][17][18] It has a signicant economic impact, including costs for diagnosis, treatment, care and psychosocial support.…”