Prevalence, incidence, and residual risk of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infections among United States blood donors since the introduction of nucleic acid testing

Zou, Shimian; Dorsey, Kerri; Notari, Edward P.; Foster, Gregory A.; Krysztof, David E.; Musavi, Fatemeh; Dodd, Roger Y.; Stramer, Susan L.

doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02622.x

Cited by 255 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, the risk of HCV transmission, although very low, is not zero. [3][4][5] Occult HCV infection (OCI) has been reported and was characterized by the presence of HCV RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) and/or liver tissue among patients who tested negative for both anti-HCV and HCV RNA in serum or plasma. 6 HCV RNA was also detected in serum after concentrating viral particles by ultracentrifugation, which increases the sensitivity of the testing.…”

Section: Study Design and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) core–specific antibody suggests occult HCV infection among blood donors

et al. 2016

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BACKGROUNDBlood transfusion safety is based on reliable donor screening for transmissible infections such as the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA novel HCV core–specific antibody was assayed on random single donations from 2007 first‐time blood donors who tested negative for anti‐HCV and HCV RNA on routine screening. Sample collection broke the code between donations and donors for ethical reasons.RESULTSForty‐two donations (2.1%) displayed reactivity in the novel test. The specificity of the reactivity was evaluated by a peptide inhibition assay, and testing against additional nonoverlapping HCV core peptide epitopes and other HCV antigens was performed on these samples. Six donations (14.3%; 0.30% from the total) were considered to contain anti‐HCV after such supplemental testing. HCV RNA detection was also performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) and serum or plasma samples from reactive donors after virus concentration by ultracentrifugation. HCV RNA tested negative in all PBMNCs samples, and a very low amount of viral genome was detected in serum or plasma concentrates from three anti‐HCV core–reactive donors (7.1%) but not among concentrates from 100 randomly selected nonreactive donors. Sequencing of these polymerase chain reaction products revealed differences between the isolates that excluded partially sample contamination from a common source.CONCLUSIONThese findings argue in favor of an ongoing occult HCV infection among these blood donors and account for some rather low, but perhaps not negligible, infection risk for such donations. Future studies involving larger samples of donations from traceable donors would enlighten the significance of these findings for the viral safety of the blood supply.

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Section: Study Design and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) core–specific antibody suggests occult HCV infection among blood donors

et al. 2016

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“…Thus, the ratio of organ donor prevalence to published blood donor prevalence was multiplied by the published incidence in blood donor population to attain the incidence in the study population of organ donors. Published incidence and prevalence rates from a population of blood donors who had donated to Red Cross Blood Services from 2007 and 2008 were used to make this calculation (18).…”

Section: Hiv and Hcv Among Potential Organ Donors In The United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Potential Organ Donors from 17 Organ Procurement Organizations in the United States

Ellingson

Seem

Nowicki

et al. 2011

American Journal of Transplantation

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To prevent unintentional transmission of bloodborne pathogens through organ transplantation, organ procurement organizations (OPOs) screen potential donors by serologic testing to identify human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Newly acquired infection, however, may be undetectable by serologic testing. Our objective was to estimate the incidence of undetected infection among potential organ donors and to assess the significance of risk reductions conferred by nucleic acid testing (NAT) versus serology alone. We calculated prevalence of HIV and HCV-stratified by OPO risk designationin 13 667 potential organ donors managed by 17 OPOs from 1/1/2004 to 7/1/2008. We calculated incidence of undetected infection using the incidence-window period approach. The prevalence of HIV was 0.10% for normal risk potential donors and 0.50% for high risk potential donors; HCV prevalence was 3.45% and 18.20%, respectively. For HIV, the estimated incidence of undetected infection by serologic screening was 1 in 50 000 for normal risk potential donors and 1 in 11 000 for high risk potential donors; for HCV, undetected incidence by serologic screening was 1 in 5000 and 1 in 1000, respectively. Projected estimates of undetected infection with NAT screening versus serology alone suggest that NAT screening could significantly reduce the rate of undetected HCV for all donor risk strata.

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“…Segundo Zou et al (2010) e Epstein e Holmberg (2010), a necessidade de constante ação de vigilância torna-se cada vez mais evidente, tanto no sentido de melhorar quanto no de manter os avanços alcançados. As flutuações observadas na qualidade e nos mecanismos de controle dos serviços de hemoterapia chamam a atenção para a necessidade de monitoramento contínuo e de avaliação periódica.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

A Vigilância Sanitária no controle de riscos potenciais em serviços de hemoterapia no Brasil

Júnior

Rattner

2016

Saúde debate

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rESUMo O artigo descreve a situação sanitária dos serviços de hemoterapia avaliados pela Vigilância Sanitária em 2011 e 2012 por meio do Método de Avaliação de Risco Potencial de Serviços de Hemoterapia (MARPSH), classificando-os em cinco categorias: Baixo, Médio-Baixo, Médio, Médio-Alto e Alto. Dos 560 avaliados, houve acréscimo de 9% nos classificados como de baixo risco e queda de 6% entre os de alto. Os principais problemas foram encontrados na região Norte, em agências transfusionais e serviços públicos. Destacaram-se não conformidades relacionadas à gestão da qualidade, de pessoal e de equipamentos. Apesar das melhorias observadas, notaram-se serviços críticos com comprometimento à segurança e à eficácia dos produtos e serviços. PalaVraS

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Prevalence, incidence, and residual risk of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infections among United States blood donors since the introduction of nucleic acid testing

Abstract: HCV prevalence decreased significantly since NAT introduction. The increase in HIV and HCV incidence in 2007 through 2008 warrants continued monitoring and investigation.

Cited by 255 publications

References 19 publications

Detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) core–specific antibody suggests occult HCV infection among blood donors

Detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) core–specific antibody suggests occult HCV infection among blood donors

Estimated Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Potential Organ Donors from 17 Organ Procurement Organizations in the United States

A Vigilância Sanitária no controle de riscos potenciais em serviços de hemoterapia no Brasil

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