Prevalence of Acanthamoeba from Tap Water in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Winck, Mari Aline Todero; Caumo, Karin Silva; Rott, Marilise Brittes

doi:10.1007/s00284-011-0003-5

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…On the other hand, similar result (88.9%) was obtained in Qalyubia governorate [23] . In other countries, a low detection rate (9.3%) was recoded in USA [25] , whereas variable rates were reported in several studies all over the world; 46.9% in Korea [26] , 23% in Nicaragua [27] , 22.79% in Brazil [28] , 29.4% and 22% in Turkey [29,30] . However, similar results were obtained on examination of household tap water samples in UK (89%) [31] and in Ohio, USA (79%) [25] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Detection rates of waterborne protozoa in water sources from Fayoum Governorate

Sakran

El-Shahawy

Shalaby

et al. 2017

Parasitologists United Journal

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Background: Waterborne protozoal infections are common health problems in many parts of the world especially in developing countries. Water is a major vehicle for transmission of protozoa such as G. lamblia, Cryptosporidium spp. as well as pathogenic and opportunistic free living amoeba (FLA). Objective: This study aims to detect the presence of protozoal agents in tap water and storage water tanks at Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Material and Methods: A total of ninety five water samples were collected from different water sources, taps (65) and tanks (30), from 6 Fayoum districts. The samples were processed to detect the presence of G. lamblia cysts by Lugol's iodine stain, Cryptosporidium oocysts by modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain and FLA by cultivation. After cultivation, Acanthamoeba spp. were identified according to their morphological features and flagellation test was performed to detect amoeboflagellates. Results: All water samples collected from tanks (100%) were contaminated by protozoa of medical importance, while only 6 (9.2%) of the tap water samples were pathogen free. The majority of water samples were contaminated with mixed protozoal infections. The overall detection rates of contaminants in water sources were 86.3%, 52.6%, 13.7% by FLA, Cryptosporidium spp. and G. lamblia, respectively. Conclusions: The recorded detection rates of waterborne protozoa present a hazard to the community resulting in silent morbidities and mortalities. It is strongly recommended to adopt proper water safety measures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Detection rates of waterborne protozoa in water sources from Fayoum Governorate

Sakran

El-Shahawy

Shalaby

et al. 2017

Parasitologists United Journal

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“…Also the contamination rate of drinking water with the amoebae in Taiwan was reported 39.5 % in 2014 (Kao et al 2014). Furthermore, Winck et al (2011), analysed 136 samples of tap water which showed lower contamination rates compared with ours (Winck et al 2011). Due to the limitation in the sampling of drinking water in the public places, additional studies require with more samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Acanthamoeba spp. from different water sources in Isfahan, central Iran, 2014

et al. 2016

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Acanthamoeba spp. are free-living amoeba found in a wide variety of natural habitats. The high percentage of the presence of Acanthamoeba in different environmental sources represents a sanitary risk for public health, especially immunocompromised patients and contact lens wearers. Acanthamoeba can cause granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, otitis, lung lesions, and skin infections in individuals with immune deficiencies. In the present study, the status of contamination of water sources in Isfahan, central Iran is analyzed through parasitological method. Totally 93 samples were utilized consisting of 59 samples of tap water and 34 samples of environmental water collected from Isfahan in May and June 2014. After filtering, cultivation was done in non-nutrient agar medium, and then the cultured media were kept at 25-30°C. The samples were analyzed based on the morphological criteria. Acanthamoeba spp. were found in 25 (73.53 %) out of 34 environmental water samples and 17 (28.8 %) out of 59 tap water. Generally, Acanthamoeba spp. were found in 42 (45.16 %) of the samples. The results of the present study showed that the water contamination with Acanthamoeba spp. in different regions of Isfahan can be a potential infection source for at high risk people. It could be suggested that public education and precaution are quiet necessary.

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“…A temperature tolerance test was also performed for Acanthamoeba : three sets of subculture plates (NNA- E. coli ) for each sample were incubated at 37, 42, and 52°C, respectively. All plates were examined daily for amoebal growth by phase contrast microscopy for seven days [21]. When an FLA strain was isolated, the flagellate transformation test was applied for the identification of N. fowleri [20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Identification of Free-Living Amoebae from Tap Water in Sivas, Turkey

Coşkun

Özçelık

Tutar

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

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The present work focuses on a local survey of free-living amoebae (FLA) that cause opportunistic and nonopportunistic infections in humans. Determining the prevalence of FLA in water sources can shine a light on the need to prevent FLA related illnesses. A total of 150 samples of tap water were collected from six districts of Sivas province. The samples were filtered and seeded on nonnutrient agar containing Escherichia coli spread. Thirty-three (22%) out of 150 samples were found to be positive for FLA. The FLA were identified by morphology and by PCR using 18S rDNA gene. The morphological analysis and partial sequencing of the 18S rDNA gene revealed the presence of three different species, Acanthamoeba castellanii, Acanthamoeba polyphaga, and Hartmannella vermiformis. Naegleria fowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris, or Sappinia sp. was not isolated during the study. All A. castellanii and A. polyphaga sequence types were found to be genotype T4 that contains most of the pathogenic Acanthamoeba strains. The results indicated the occurrence and distribution of FLA species in tap water in these localities of Sivas, Turkey. Furthermore, the presence of temperature tolerant Acanthamoeba genotype T4 in tap water in the region must be taken into account for health risks.

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Prevalence of Acanthamoeba from Tap Water in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Cited by 32 publications

References 43 publications

Detection rates of waterborne protozoa in water sources from Fayoum Governorate

Detection rates of waterborne protozoa in water sources from Fayoum Governorate

Isolation of Acanthamoeba spp. from different water sources in Isfahan, central Iran, 2014

Isolation and Identification of Free-Living Amoebae from Tap Water in Sivas, Turkey

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