Prevalence of Acute Gastro Intestinal Tract Bleeding in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention After Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence of acute gastro-intestinal tract bleeding and the factors associated with it in patients undergoing Primary PCI after acute myocardial infarction.
 Study Design: Analytical Cross sectional study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Interventional Cardiology, Tertiary Cardiac Care Center, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from May 2021 to April 2022.
 Methodology: Five hundred patients (n =500) between 30-80 years of age, presented at the emergency of Tertiary cardiac care center, Rawalpindi and diagnosed with Acute Myocardial Infarction were planned to undergo the Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) procedure. After the procedure, patients were evaluated for acute gastro-intestinal tract bleeding within first 48 hrs. Blood samples were taken before and after 24 hrs and 72 hrs of primary PCI. The blood hemoglobin level was assessed and fall in its level was noted. SPSS 26 was used to enter and analyze the collected data.
 Results: Out of n=500 patients enrolled in the study, 440(88%) were males and 60(12%) were females. The mean age of patients was 64.27 ± 6.47 years. The mean time from symptoms onset to primary PCI was 9.74±5.15 hrs. The mean duration of the procedure was 34.99 ± 6.01 mins. After the procedure, 23(4.60%) patients had developed the acute gastro-intestinal tract bleeding. In patients who developed acute gastro-intestinal bleeding, mean blood hemoglobin level before the procedure was 11.95 ± 1.05 g/dl, which was reduced to 8.46 ± 0.51 g/dl after the procedure. In patients who did not develop it, the mean blood hemoglobin level before the procedure was 11.94±1.03 g/dl, which was reduced to 11.80 ± 1.04 g/dl after the procedure. The blood hemoglobin level after the procedure was significantly less in patients who suffered from acute gastro-intestinal tract bleeding.
 Conclusion: The research study concluded that the frequency of acute gastro-intestinal tract bleeding in patients after primary PCI for acute myocardial infarction was very low but on the other hand marked reduction in blood hemoglobin level was observed, which can lead to many adverse sequelae.