Prevalence of Acute Kidney Injury in Covid-19 Patients- Retrospective Single-Center Study

Abstract

Introduction In December 2019, a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease outbreak started in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and spread rapidly to other regions of the world. Although diffuse alveolar injury and acute respiratory failure were the most prominent characteristics, further investigation of organ involvement is essential. Aim In this study, we aim to determine the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in covid-19 patients and also the relationship between inflammatory markers, the severity of lung involvement, and acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of 102 COVID-19 patients presented to a tertiary teaching hospital in Mogadishu during the second wave of Covid-19 2021. Patients’ age, gender, comorbidities, hemoglobin, platelet, and white blood cell counts, glucose, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, CRP, ferritin, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) Covid-19 test and CT scan findings were all collected. Results The mean age of the patients was 58 (Range 23–91 years), including 64 men and 38 women. The prevalence of acute kidney injury was 12.7%. There was a significant association between acute kidney injury, CRP and ferritin with the p values of P<0.003 and P<0.004, respectively. For severity of lung involvement with computed tomography finding, 35 (34.3%) had mild, 35 (34.3%) had moderate and 32 (31.4%) had severe lung involvement. There was significant association between the lung involvement, Ferritin and CRP levels with P values of P<0.005 and P<0.007 respectively. Conclusion Our findings indicate that acute kidney injury is common in covid-19 patients and can increase the morbidity and mortality of these patients. As a result, clinicians in low-resource countries such as Somalia should be more vigilant about kidney injury in patients with severe COVID-19.

Acute Kidney Injury in the Context of COVID-19: An Analysis in Hospitalized Mexican Patients

“…Statistical Power Analysis: Our initial power analysis, based on expected AKI prevalence and effect size, indicated that our sample size was sufficient. This is supported by the prevalence rates reported in the literature, which vary significantly: Bashir et al (2022) found a 12.7% prevalence in their study, highlighting the lower end of the spectrum [ 14 ]. Morosini et al (2021) observed a prevalence of 37.14%, demonstrating the higher variability in different patient populations [ 64 ].…”

“…Several factors could explain this wide range. In this sense, the development of AKI in patients with COVID-19 has been associated with different variables, including smoking, increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), the extent of lung involvement, high leukocyte count, and the requirement for mechanical ventilation [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. In studies conducted in the United States, additional characteristics include male gender, advanced age, African American ethnicity, and comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular illnesses, congestive heart failure, and a high body mass index [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Acute Kidney Injury Among Admitted COVID-19 Patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…Similar findings were observed in a study conducted in Somalia, Mogadishu. 17 This similarity may be explained by the two populations’ similar lifestyles and economic status.…”

IL-6 and SAA—Strong Predictors for the Outcome in COVID-19 CKD Patients

“…The SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is linked to high levels of proinflammatory markers; they have been analyzed in order to determine whether they could be informative with regard to the outcome of the disease. From a nephrology point of view, numerous studies were carried out in relation to COVID-19-related acute kidney injury (AKI); indeed, around 1 in 10 of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 experience AKI [ 2 ]. In addition, it was shown that AKI was a serious risk factor for the outcome; however, there is a wide variation in the incidence and the outcomes being reported [ 2 , 3 ].…”

“…From a nephrology point of view, numerous studies were carried out in relation to COVID-19-related acute kidney injury (AKI); indeed, around 1 in 10 of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 experience AKI [ 2 ]. In addition, it was shown that AKI was a serious risk factor for the outcome; however, there is a wide variation in the incidence and the outcomes being reported [ 2 , 3 ].…”