Prevalence of ADHD in Accident Victims: Results of the PRADA Study

Kittel‐Schneider, Sarah; Wolff, Sarah; Queiser, Kristin; Wessendorf, Leonie; Meier, Anna Maria; Verdenhalven, Moritz; Brunkhorst-Kanaan, Nathalie; Grimm, O.; McNeill, Rhiannon V.; Grabow, Sascha; Reimertz, Christoph; Nau, Christoph; Klos, Michelle; Reif, Andreas

doi:10.3390/jcm8101643

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In this study, patients with ADHD reported significantly more often stress, distraction, and overconfidence as causal for their accidents. Patients with ADHD were also more likely to be under the influence of drugs or alcohol and to have an SUD [5]. These findings are in accordance with our results which show significantly more PTEs in the ADHD group with "serious accidents" being one of the most commonly reported type of traumatic event (55%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is defined by increased hyperactivity and lack of inhibitory and attentional control [1]. ADHD is associated with a higher likelihood of psychiatric comorbidity, in particular substance use disorders, but also with increased rates of accidents, criminality, and premature death [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ADHD Is Associated with a Higher Risk for Traumatic Events, Self-Reported PTSD, and a Higher Severity of PTSD Symptoms in Alcohol-Dependent Patients

Luderer

Reinhard

Richter³

et al. 2020

Eur Addict Res

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Introduction: Alcohol dependence (AD) is frequently associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as well as with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objective: Aim of this study was to investigate whether in patients with AD, ADHD is associated with an increased rate of exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and PTSD, with increased PTSD severity and higher impact on daily functioning. Methods: Patients with AD were thoroughly assessed for ADHD during long-term residential treatment. Participants also completed the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS). The PDS is a 49-item self-report instrument that assesses exposure to different PTEs, DSM-IV criteria for PTSD, severity of PTSD, and related functional impairment. Results: Of 341 patients with AD, 66 were diagnosed with ADHD (19%). ADHD was associated with a more frequent exposure to PTEs (88 vs. 65%, p < 0.001). In patients with PTEs (n = 237), odds for PTSD were higher in ADHD versus no-ADHD patients (OR 8.9, 95% CI 3.9-20.5). Furthermore, PTSD severity and functional impairment were increased in ADHD patients. Conclusions: ADHD in patients with AD is associated with a higher frequency of PTEs and PTSD with more severe and more impairing PTSD symptoms. In alcohol-dependent patients with ADHD, regular screening for PTSD should be considered.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ADHD Is Associated with a Higher Risk for Traumatic Events, Self-Reported PTSD, and a Higher Severity of PTSD Symptoms in Alcohol-Dependent Patients

Luderer

Reinhard

Richter³

et al. 2020

Eur Addict Res

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“…20 Therefore, it can be assumed that the number of victims of accidents among ADHD people is higher than in the general population. In a similar study, Kittel-Schneider et al 21 reported the prevalence of ADHD in adults to be 6.1% among trauma patients. Statistics from previous studies were lower than those, in the range of 3.4-4.7%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…21,22 In the study in Tabriz, it was observed that high-risk behaviors were more prevalent among motorcyclists with ADHD, and these people were more careless than others in using helmets and having a driving license. 27 Other studies have shown that high-risk behaviors, drunk driving, lack of certification, 28 lack of helmet use on motorcyclists, 24,27 and overconfidence 21,29 were present among these individuals. Unfortunately, in the present study, we did not investigate the related causes and risk factors among the case and control groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Patients with and without Head Trauma</p>

Amiri

Esmaeili

Salehpour

et al. 2020

OAEM

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“…56 Diese Probleme werden durch die häufig auftretenden Komorbiditäten noch verstärkt 41. Die Symptome des ADHS verändern sich meist imErwachsenenalter.…”

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Der Effekt von Belohnungen auf die intraindividuelle Variabilität der Reaktionszeit bei erwachsenen ADHS-Patienten : eine Analyse anhand des Ex-Gauß’schen Verteilungsmodells

Deppert¹

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Increased intraindividual variability of reaction time is a main cognitive feature of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. It is associated with deficits in sustained attention. While traditionally, mean and variance were used to characterize reaction time distributions, the ex-gaussian distributional model allows a more sophisticated analysis of reaction time series. Reaction time distributions are separated in a normal and an exponential component. The present study investigates the impact of incentives on reaction time variability in a sample of adult ADHD patients. ADHD is associated with increased Tau, the output parameter of the ex-gaussian model characterizing the exponential part of the distribution. Tau is linked to “lapses of attention”, which are more frequent in ADHD patients. It is known that tau can be modulated in ADHD Patients. It was therefore postulated that tau would be higher in ADHD Patients in a paradigm where quick answers were required but could be modulated by monetary incentives. In addition, the effect of “delay discounting”, which is more distinct in ADHD patients, on reaction time variability was investigated. Eventually, the association of variability measures with strength of ADHD symptoms was tested. To this end, reaction time distributions of 62 adult ADHD patients and 45 healthy controls from two different reaction time paradigms were analyzed. The monetary incentive delay task, by comprehending a control – and a win condition, allows an investigation of the effect of incentives on reaction times. Subjects had to react as fast as possible by keypress to a stimulus, after a cue signaled a possible monetary reward. During the Delay-Discounting-Task, subjects had to choose between sooner, but smaller, and higher delayed monetary rewards, during which they could use as much time for consideration as desired. Results show that an increased Tau in the control condition of the monetary- incentive-delay-task could be replicated, while a distinct influence of the win condition emerged. Subjects with ADHD showed an improvement of Tau in the win condition even below the level of healthy controls. However, they showed increased variability of the “regular” responses around the mean of the normal component of the distribution, represented by sigma. Moreover, it was indicated by trend a higher reaction time variability in ADHD patients during choices of delayed rewards. Tau was associated the current symptom strength as well as with the strength of ADHD-Symptoms during childhood, assessed by questionnaire. While the present results could have implications for etiological models of the disease, they may also contribute to the development of novel diagnostic methods. In advanced studies, neural correlates of sophisticated measures of reaction time variability should be investigated. Furthermore, they should be associated with genetic risk factors with regard to possible endophenotypes. Possible implications for clinical handling of patients should be explored.

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Prevalence of ADHD in Accident Victims: Results of the PRADA Study

Cited by 25 publications

References 42 publications

ADHD Is Associated with a Higher Risk for Traumatic Events, Self-Reported PTSD, and a Higher Severity of PTSD Symptoms in Alcohol-Dependent Patients

ADHD Is Associated with a Higher Risk for Traumatic Events, Self-Reported PTSD, and a Higher Severity of PTSD Symptoms in Alcohol-Dependent Patients

<p>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Patients with and without Head Trauma</p>

Der Effekt von Belohnungen auf die intraindividuelle Variabilität der Reaktionszeit bei erwachsenen ADHS-Patienten : eine Analyse anhand des Ex-Gauß’schen Verteilungsmodells

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