Prevalence of adiposity‐based chronic disease in middle‐aged adults from Czech Republic: The Kardiovize study

Abstract

Aims/Hypothesis The need for understanding obesity as a chronic disease, its stigmatization, and the lack of actionability related to it demands a new approach. The adiposity‐based chronic disease (ABCD) model is based on adiposity amount, distribution, and function, with a three stage complication‐centric rather than a body mass index (BMI)‐centric approach. The prevalence rates and associated risk factors are presented. Methods In total, 2159 participants were randomly selected from Czechia. ABCD was established as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 or high body fat percent, or abdominal obesity and then categorized by their adiposity‐based complications: Stage 0: none; Stage 1: mild/moderate; Stage 2: severe. Results ABCD prevalence was 62.8%. Stage 0 was 2.3%; Stage 1 was 31.4%; Stage 2 was 29.1%. Comparing with other classifiers, participants in Stage 2 were more likely to have diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome than those with overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity, and increased fat mass. ABCD showed the highest sensitivity and specificity to detect participants with peripheral artery disease, increased intima media, and vascular disease. Conclusion/Interpretation The ABCD model provides a more sensitive approach that facilitates the early detection and stratification of participants at risk compared to traditional classifiers.

Dysglycemia and Abnormal Adiposity Drivers of Cardiometabolic-Based Chronic Disease in the Czech Population: Biological, Behavioral, and Cultural/Social Determinants of Health

“…Using a new chronic care model, the prevalence of ABCD [ 5 ] in the Czech population was 62.8% [ 25 ]. Only 2.3% of those were metabolically healthy (Stage 0 ABCD), 31.47% with mild adiposity-related complications (stage 1 ABCD) and 29.1% with moderate and severe adiposity-related complications (stage 2 ABCD).…”

“…In a cohort study assessing 8449 adults aged 45–69 years followed for 12 years, education below the upper-secondary level was the strongest determinant of cardiovascular mortality, followed by hypertension and smoking [ 23 ]. Additionally, lower education levels have been associated with a higher presence of prediabetes and diabetes [ 18 ], as well as the presence of adiposity and dysglycemia-related complications, compared with those with higher educational levels [ 25 , 26 ]. Income.…”

“… Income. In a population-based study, subjects with a lower household income (<EUR 1200 per month) were more likely to present with dysglycemia and adiposity-related complications than those with a higher income (>EUR 1800 per month) [ 25 , 26 ]. Of note, 80% of Czech subjects with a higher income considered their health to be good compared to only 42% of subjects with a lower income [ 60 ].…”

Cardiometabolic risk: New chronic care models

“…Comparing the ABCD model with obesity by BMI, abdominal obesity by waist circumference, and increased adiposity by bioimpedance analysis, ABCD was more sensitive and specific in detecting patients with peripheral artery disease, increased intima-media thickness, and vascular disease. 69 The overall prevalence of DBCD was 69.4%: stage 1, 54.2%; stage 2, 10.3%; stage 3, 3.7%; and stage 4, 1.2%. DBCD stages 2-4 were more frequent in men, and stage 1 was more frequent in women (P < .001).…”

Prediction of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Czech Adults: Normative Values and Association with Cardiometabolic Health

“…Concepts of health promotion and primary/primordial prevention only emerged in former Czechoslovakia after political change in 1990, and a system of public health control is still being established [ 8 ]. Therefore, the number of physically inactive adults has been increasing [ 51 ], and only recently have multi-morbidity care models [ 52 ] been applied [ 53 , 54 ]. A diligent focus on risk factors, including physical activity and fitness, is needed to slow down, stop, or even reverse cardiometabolic-based chronic disease progression [ 8 , 53 ].…”