Prevalence of adverse childhood experiences and their co-occurrence in a large population of adolescents: a Young HUNT 3 study

Broekhof, Rosalie; Nordahl, Hans M.; Bjørnelv, Sigrid; Selvik, Sara Germans

doi:10.1007/s00127-022-02277-z

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In general, prevalence rates exhibit substantial variability across studies. However, compared to other non-clinical samples (Bomysoad & Francis, 2020 ; Broekhof et al, 2022 ), the observed prevalence of 69.1% in our study falls towards the higher end of the range of ACEs prevalence. This can be attributed to the study population in this cross-sectional study, namely youth registered for mental health care.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

“…For instance, we found that youths who reported sexual abuse, physical abuse, or neglect frequently reported emotional abuse and bullying. These results suggest that youths reporting multiple ACEs not only report the same type of ACEs but also childhood adversity across various domains, indicating that ACEs should be assessed together as a whole rather than separately (Broekhof et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Childhood adversity in a youth psychiatric population: prevalence and associated mental health problems

Knipschild,

Hein,

Pieters

et al. 2024

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Childhood adversity can have lasting negative effects on physical and mental health. This study contributes to the existing literature by describing the prevalence rates and mental health outcomes related to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among adolescents registered for mental health care. Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional study were youths (aged 12–18 years) who were referred to outpatient psychiatric departments in the Netherlands. Demographic information was collected from the medical records. The Child Trauma Screening Questionnaire (CTSQ) was used to examine the presence of ACEs and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). To assess mental health problems, we used the Dutch translation of the Youth Self Report. Descriptive statistics and frequencies were used to calculate prevalence rates across the various ACEs domains. ANOVA and chi-square tests were used to explore the relationship between ACEs and mental health. Results: Of the 1373 participants, 69.1% reported having experienced at least one ACE and 17.1% indicated exposure to four or more ACEs in their lives. Although there was substantial overlap among all ACE categories, the most frequently reported were bullying (49.2%), emotional abuse (17.8%), physical abuse (12.2%), and sexual abuse (10.1%). Female adolescents (72.7%) reported significantly more ACEs than their male counterparts (27.0%). Furthermore, a higher number of ACEs was associated with significantly more self-reported general mental health problems, an elevated prevalence of both mood and post-traumatic stress disorders, and a greater presence of two or more co-existing psychiatric diagnoses (comorbid psychiatric classification). Conclusions: This cross-sectional study on childhood adversity and its association with mental health showed that ACEs are highly prevalent in youth registered for mental health care. This study provides support for a graded and cumulative relationship between childhood adversity and mental health problems.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Childhood adversity in a youth psychiatric population: prevalence and associated mental health problems

Knipschild,

Hein,

Pieters

et al. 2024

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…This review indicates that the majority of studies have not routinely measured or recorded the presence of ACES in the histories and experiences of children and adolescents being referred to paediatric gender services so there is limited data despite the wider research indicating that gender-diverse youth and adults have experienced high rates of childhood adversity 121–125. It is not possible for this review to speculate as to the relationship between ACES and the experience of gender-related distress in children and adolescents, but the results indicate that this is another important area in which systematic collection of data, at referral and across pathways of care can support care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Characteristics of children and adolescents referred to specialist gender services: a systematic review

Taylor,

Hall,

Langton

et al. 2024

Arch Dis Child

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BackgroundIncreasing numbers of children/adolescents experiencing gender dysphoria/incongruence are being referred to specialist gender services. Services and practice guidelines are responding to these changes.AimThis systematic review examines the numbers and characteristics of children/adolescents (under 18) referred to specialist gender or endocrinology services.MethodsDatabase searches were performed (April 2022), with results assessed independently by two reviewers. Peer-reviewed articles providing at least birth-registered sex or age at referral were included. Demographic, gender-related, mental health, neurodevelopmental conditions and adverse childhood experience data were extracted. A narrative approach to synthesis was used and where appropriate proportions were combined in a meta-analysis.Results143 studies from 131 articles across 17 countries were included. There was a twofold to threefold increase in the number of referrals and a steady increase in birth-registered females being referred. There is inconsistent collection and reporting of key data across many of the studies. Approximately 60% of children/adolescents referred to services had made steps to present themselves in their preferred gender. Just under 50% of studies reported data on depression and/or anxiety and under 20% reported data on other mental health issues and neurodevelopmental conditions. Changes in the characteristics of referrals over time were generally not reported.ConclusionsServices need to capture, assess and respond to the potentially co-occurring complexities of children/adolescents being referred to specialist gender and endocrine services. Agreement on the core characteristics for collection at referral/assessment would help to ensure services are capturing data as well as developing pathways to meet the needs of these children.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021289659.

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“…This may reflect variations between the present study and others in ACE definitions or study sample characteristics. Recent research by Broekhof et al (2022) suggests that due to overlap between ACE sub-types and individual ACEs, perhaps ACEs should be assessed as a combined group rather than individually 18 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis on history of childhood adversity, anxiety, and chronic pain in adulthood and the influence of inflammatory biomarker C-reactive protein

Dalechek,

Caes,

McIntosh

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Despite a link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and anxiety, the role of anxiety in the pathway to chronic pain is unclear. Potentially, inflammatory biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) are involved. Objectives were to (1) examine relationships between reported ACEs, anxiety, and chronic pain, and (2) assess associations between ACEs, anxiety, and CRP levels and between CRP and chronic pain. Data from 24,172 adults who participated in the UK Biobank were used to conduct Poisson regressions to assess relationships between ACEs, anxiety, and chronic pain. For participants with CRP data who met the inclusion criteria (n = 2007), similar models were run between ACEs, anxiety, and CRP, and CRP and chronic pain. For objective 1, three statistically significant interactions were found to predict pain: frequency of physical abuse x reported muscular symptoms during anxiety (p = 0.01); frequency in which they felt hated x having discussed anxiety with a professional (p = 0.03), and reported frequency of sexual abuse x difficulties relaxing during anxiety attacks (p = 0.03). For objective 2, frequency of sexual abuse and informing a professional about anxiety significantly interacted to predict elevated CRP. For correlations, the largest was between CRP and the number of times pain was reported over the years (p = 0.01). Finally, ACEs (physical abuse, sexual abuse, and whether taken to a doctor) significantly interacted with CRP to predict pain. This study suggests mechanisms of the impact of ACEs on chronic pain may include inflammation and anxiety, which warrants further study.

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Prevalence of adverse childhood experiences and their co-occurrence in a large population of adolescents: a Young HUNT 3 study

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

Childhood adversity in a youth psychiatric population: prevalence and associated mental health problems

Childhood adversity in a youth psychiatric population: prevalence and associated mental health problems

Characteristics of children and adolescents referred to specialist gender services: a systematic review

An analysis on history of childhood adversity, anxiety, and chronic pain in adulthood and the influence of inflammatory biomarker C-reactive protein

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