Prevalence of African swine fever virus in apparently healthy domestic pigs in Uganda

Atuhaire, David Kalenzi; Afayoa, Mathias; Ochwo, Sylvester; Mwesigwa, Savannah; Mwiine, Frank Norbert; Okuni, Julius Boniface; Olaho-Mukani, W.; Ojok, Lonzy

doi:10.1186/1746-6148-9-263

Cited by 54 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Recent observations in endemic regions of East Africa such as Tanzania have estimated the presence of asymptomatic seropositive pigs at 3.72 %, even one year after the occurrence of an ASF outbreak [68]. Similar findings have been reported from Kenya and Uganda [69, 70]. …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

African swine fever: a global view of the current challenge

Torre²,

et al. 2015

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African Swine Fever (ASF) is an important contagious haemorrhagic viral disease affecting swine whose notification is mandatory due to its high mortality rates and the great sanitary and socioeconomic impact it has on international trade in animal and swine products.This disease only affects porcine species, both wild and domestic, and produces a variety of clinical signs such as fever and functional disorders of the digestive and respiratory systems. Lesions are mainly characterized by congestive-haemorrhagic alterations. ASF epidemiology varies significantly between countries, regions and continents, since it depends on the characteristics of the virus in circulation, the presence of wild hosts and reservoirs, environmental conditions and human social behaviour. Furthermore, a specific host will not necessarily always play the same active role in the spread and maintenance of ASF in a particular area.Currently, ASF is endemic in most sub-Saharan African countries where wild hosts and tick vectors (Ornithodoros) play an important role acting as biological reservoirs for the virus. In Europe, the disease has been endemic since 1978 on the island of Sardinia (Italy) and since 2007, when it was first reported in Georgia, in a number of Eastern European countries. It is also endemic in certain regions of the Russia Federation, where domestic pig and wild boar populations are widely affected. By contrast, in the affected eastern European Union (EU) countries where ASF is currently as epidemic, the on-going spread of the disease affects mainly wild boar populations located in restricted areas and, to a much less extent, domestic pigs. Unlike most livestock diseases, no vaccine or specific treatment is currently available for ASF. Therefore, disease control is mainly based on early detection and the application of strict sanitary and biosecurity measures. Epidemiology of ASF is very complex by the existence of different virus circulating, reservoirs and a number of scenarios, and the on-going spread of the disease through Africa and Europe. Survivor pigs can remain persistently infected for months which may contribute to virus transmission and thus the spread and maintenance of the disease, thereby complicating attempts to control it.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

African swine fever: a global view of the current challenge

Torre²,

et al. 2015

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“…The ASFV genome has been detected in asymptomatic pigs in Kenya (Okoth et al, ), Uganda (Atuhaire et al, ) and Tanzania (Uttenthal et al, ). The asymptomatic pigs in Kenya carried low virulence strains of genotype X (Okoth et al, ), while those of Tanzania were high virulence strains of genotype II (Uttenthal et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of African swine fever in Tanzania

Chang’a¹,

Mayenga²,

Settypalli

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, highly contagious and deadly viral haemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). In ASF endemic countries, there are an increasing number of reports on circulating ASFV strains with different levels of virulence causing a broad range of clinical symptoms in susceptible animals. Tanzania, where ASFV is endemic since 2001, recorded several outbreaks including symptomatic and asymptomatic cases between 2015 and 2017. We collected 35 clinical samples from four outbreaks for diagnostic confirmation and sequenced the partial B646L (p72), the full E183L (p54) gene, the central variable region of the B602L gene and the intergenic region between the I73R and I329L genes to characterize molecularly the new ASFV isolates and analyse their relatedness with previously reported Tanzanian and foreign isolates. We detected ASFV in 21 samples, 15 from symptomatic and six from asymptomatic pigs. Phylogenetic analyses based on the partial p72 gene and the complete p54 (E183L) genes revealed that the ASFVs in samples from symptomatic pigs belonged to genotypes II and those in samples from asymptomatic pigs belonged to genotype IX. The CVR profiles of the p72 genotype II and genotype IX isolates differed between each other and from previously published Tanzanian sequences. The sequence analysis of the intergenic region between the I73R and I329L for the 2017 genotype II isolates showed the absence of one GGAATATATA motif in those isolates. This study showed the simultaneous circulation of two different ASFV genotypes with different levels of pathogenicity in Tanzania. Since the existence of sub‐clinically infected pigs may contribute to the persistence of the virus, our findings suggest continuous surveillance and characterization of ASFV isolates in disease‐endemic regions.

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“…African swine fever is a contagious viral disease which can cause up to 100% mortality among domestic pigs, leading to serious socio-economic consequences (Atuhaire et al 2013). There are few studies on ASFV K205R.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prokaryotic expression, purification and antigenicity analysis of African swine fever virus pK205R protein

Wu¹,

Lu²,

Peng³

et al. 2016

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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African swine fever is an acute, febrile and highly virulent porcine disease causing serious economic losses worldwide. The pK205R protein of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) is largely expressed in the early stages of infection, which has given the K205R gene extensive attention. In this study, the ASFV K205R was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Expression of histidine-tagged pK205R with a molecular mass of 44 kDa was determined by 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis. Optimisation of culture conditions allowed induction of the recombinant protein with 0.4 mM Isopropyl β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) at 37 o C for 2 h. The protein existed in cellular supernatant and was purified using a Ni-NTA resin column. The purified protein was used to immunize rabbits four times to enable the production of polyclonal antibodies, and the antiserum titre was detected by ELISA. The results showed that the purified pK205R can react with ASFV positive serum specifically by Western blotting. The pK205R had high antigenicity, which indicated that pK205R could be used as an antigen for detection of ASFV-specific antibodies in ELISA testing, and the recombinant protein could contribute to further research of the action and structure of pK205R.

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Prevalence of African swine fever virus in apparently healthy domestic pigs in Uganda

Cited by 54 publications

References 30 publications

African swine fever: a global view of the current challenge

African swine fever: a global view of the current challenge

Symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of African swine fever in Tanzania

Prokaryotic expression, purification and antigenicity analysis of African swine fever virus pK205R protein

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