Prevalence of amblyopia and patterns of refractive error in the amblyopic children of a tertiary eye care center of Nepal

Sapkota, Kishor; Pirouzian, Amir; Matta, Noelle S.

doi:10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7820

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Amblyopia was observed in about 42% of anisometropic young people, amounting to about 7% of the total, which is 10 times of what was reported in a study from Bihar's neighbouring country Nepal [6]. The association of anisometropia, about six folds, odds ratio=54.7, p<0.001 (Table 3) observed in the present study is in strong concordance with several previous studies [5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Tropical Journal of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Available online at: www.medresearch.in 155|P a g e al from Nepal observed that 29% of their subjects had bilateral amblyopia due to high ametropia [6]. In a study by Rizvi et al, the frequency of amblyopia was found to be 74% in the anisometropia group and anisometropes were found 2.5 times more likely to have amblyopia as compared to ametropes [11].…”

Section: Original Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rohul found that about 86% refractive errors were isometropic and 14% anisometropic [3]. It has been recognized in numerous studies that with anisometropia, moderate to high hypermetropia or astigmatism, there is a strong association of amblyopia especially in early childhood [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Weakley et al found that anisometropia contributes significantly to the burden of ocular morbidity, being closely associated with amblyopia [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of spectacle use and amblyopia among young people presenting to a tertiary care institution of Bihar

Sinha¹,

Sinha²,

Nishant³

et al. 2019

Trop J Ophthalmol Otolaryngol

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Introduction: This study intended to estimate the prevalence of spectacle use and distribution of amblyopia in young people presenting to the Ophthalmology outpatient department of a tertiary care institution of Bihar, India. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based prospective study was conducted over a period of 2 months amongst patients aged 10-24 years with refractive errors (in one or both eyes), whose refractive status, use of spectacle sat about the time of checkup and presence or absence of amblyopia were recorded. Results: Of 1482 young people, 335 (22.6%) were already using spectacle sat about the time of checkup. Of these, 276 (82.4%) had myopic errors in one or both eyes, 58 (17.3%) had hypermetropic errors in one or both eyes, and one (0.3%) had mixed astigmatism in both eyes. Of the 1257 (84.8% of all) young people whose both eyes were ametropic and included for consideration, 186 (14.8%) were found to have anisometropia and of these, 78 (about 42%) met the criteria for amblyopia. Overall 106 (about 7.2%, 95% CI 6.0-8.7) young people were found to be amblyopic (odds ratio = 54.7, p<0.0001). Conclusion: Only a small proportion of young people with refractive errors presenting to our tertiary OPD were spectacle-users, indicating inadequacy or lack of utilization of refraction facilities or motivation amongst patients. A strong association of anisometropia with amblyopia was observed. These findings emphasize the need for early detection and correction of refractive errors through community and school-based screening programmes to prevent amblyopia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Original Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of spectacle use and amblyopia among young people presenting to a tertiary care institution of Bihar

Sinha¹,

Sinha²,

Nishant³

et al. 2019

Trop J Ophthalmol Otolaryngol

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“…Taking into consideration that two lines of Snellen acuity (BCVA) difference is considered as amblyopia, we classified amblyopia as severe (BCVA worse than 0.2), moderate (BCVA: 0.2–0.5) and mild (BCVA: 0.6–0.9) (Wright et al, 2006 ; Sapkota et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The amblyopic eye in subjects with anisometropia show increased saccadic latency in the delayed saccade task

Perdziak

Witkowska

Gryncewicz

et al. 2014

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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The term amblyopia is used to describe reduced visual function in one eye (or both eyes, though not so often) which cannot be fully improved by refractive correction and explained by the organic cause observed during regular eye examination. Amblyopia is associated with abnormal visual experience (e.g., anisometropia) during infancy or early childhood. Several studies have shown prolongation of saccadic latency time in amblyopic eye. In our opinion, study of saccadic latency in the context of central vision deficits assessment, should be based on central retina stimulation. For this reason, we proposed saccade delayed task. It requires inhibitory processing for maintaining fixation on the central target until it disappears—what constitutes the GO signal for saccade. The experiment consisted of 100 trials for each eye and was performed under two viewing conditions: monocular amblyopic/non-dominant eye and monocular dominant eye. We examined saccadic latency in 16 subjects (mean age 30 ± 11 years) with anisometropic amblyopia (two subjects had also microtropia) and in 17 control subjects (mean age 28 ± 8 years). Participants were instructed to look at central (fixation) target and when it disappears, to make the saccade toward the periphery (10°) as fast as possible, either left or the right target. The study results have proved the significant difference in saccadic latency between the amblyopic (mean 262 ± 48 ms) and dominant (mean 237 ± 45 ms) eye, in anisometropic group. In the control group, the saccadic latency for dominant (mean 226 ± 32 ms) and non-dominant (mean 230 ± 29 ms) eye was not significantly different. By the use of LATER (Linear Approach to the Threshold with Ergodic Rate) decision model we interpret our findings as a decrease in accumulation of visual information acquired by means of central retina in subjects with anisometropic amblyopia.

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“…Astigmatism was found to be the most common refractive error resulting in amblyopia in previous studies as well. [22][23][24] Daigavane et al in their study on Indian population found 13 children to have amblyopia 53% were refractive and 23% were strabismic. 25 In a study by Mittal et al, the numbers were 60.71% and 39.29%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Changing trend in prevalence of refractive errors: a hospital-based study

Rajput

Shetty

2020

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Refractive errors are the second most common reason of blindness in India after cataract. It accounts for 33.3% of cases of childhood blindness. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of refractive error and related visual impairment in children visiting a tertiary care eye center in Southern India.Methods: This was hospital-based descriptive study. Children <15 years of age with significant refractive error were included in the study. They were examined for visual acuity measurements, ocular motility evaluation, retinoscopy and autorefraction under cycloplegia, and examination of the anterior segment and fundus. Significant refractive error was defined as myopia ≥-0.75D, hypermetropia >+2D and astigmatism >0.75D. Descriptive statistics with frequency, mean±Standard deviation were computed for better and the worse eye. Statistical tests were applied between the worse and better eye using Chi square test.Results: A total of 946 children were screened. The mean age was 10.5±6.2 years (3-15 years) with 503 (53.2%) males and 443 (46.8%) females. With respect to vision in the worse eye; 54.01% (n=511) had moderately subnormal vision. One hundred and twenty- two children (23.4%) of <10 years, and 351 (67.4%) of ≥10 years group had myopia, with statistically significant difference (p<0.001). The reverse pattern was seen with respect to hypermetropia and astigmatism. Prevalence of amblyopia was found to be 8.6%.Conclusions: Though myopia is more prevalent among general population, prevalence of astigmatism is higher among children attending an eye hospital and uncorrected astigmatism is the most significant amblyogenic factor in refractive amblyopia.

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Prevalence of amblyopia and patterns of refractive error in the amblyopic children of a tertiary eye care center of Nepal

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Prevalence of spectacle use and amblyopia among young people presenting to a tertiary care institution of Bihar

Prevalence of spectacle use and amblyopia among young people presenting to a tertiary care institution of Bihar

The amblyopic eye in subjects with anisometropia show increased saccadic latency in the delayed saccade task

Changing trend in prevalence of refractive errors: a hospital-based study

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