Prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy and associated factors in northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study

Udho, Samson; Nankumbi, Joyce; Namutebi, Mariam; Mukunya, David; Ndeezi, Grace; Tumwine, James

doi:10.1080/16070658.2022.2148909

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The increased prevalence of anaemia with increased gravidity might be due to the repeated births and high fertility behaviour, which is a risk factor for micronutrient depletion owing to high demand and frequent blood loss during childbirth, ultimately affecting micronutrient storage. Additionally, the prevalence of Anaemia was highest during the third trimester of pregnancy, consistent with prior studies among pregnant women in Ethiopia [24] and Uganda [23]. The higher incidence of anaemia during the third trimester may be attributed to insu cient ANC and low iron supplement intake, possibly due to the greater iron demand compared to the rst and second trimesters.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In this study, anaemia during pregnancy was higher among multiparous women compared to primigravidae. This aligns with studies conducted in Ethiopia [21], Pakistan [22], and Uganda [23]. The increased prevalence of anaemia with increased gravidity might be due to the repeated births and high fertility behaviour, which is a risk factor for micronutrient depletion owing to high demand and frequent blood loss during childbirth, ultimately affecting micronutrient storage.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Pregnant women in the third trimester had three times higher odds of developing anaemia compared to those in the rst trimester, consistent with ndings from Ethiopia [9], Uganda [23], and sub-Saharan Africa [25]. This increased incidence of anaemia during the third trimester may also indicate inadequate ANC, iron supplementation, and nutrition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

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Prevalence of Anaemia and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women at Hargeisa Group Hospital, Somaliland

Abdilahi,

Jonah,

Farah

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Anaemia remains a major global public health issue, affecting around 24.8% of the world’s population in both developing and developed countries. Pregnant women in developing countries are particularly susceptible, with 38.2% affected worldwide. Anaemia is also a major contributor to maternal mortality, with 510,000 maternal deaths globally, of which 20% occur in developing countries and are related to anaemia. Iron deficiency anaemia is the most prevalent form, impacting 1.3 to 2.2 billion individuals, with 50% being women of reproductive age. Aim This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of anaemia in pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) at Hargeisa Group Hospital (HGH), Somaliland. Methods A cross-sectional study included 360 pregnant women, who sought ANC at HGH between July 15 and August 6, 2023. The study subjects were selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and participants’ current medical records, including haemoglobin levels. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 20). Results The study revealed an overall prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women at 50.6% (95% CI: 45.40% − 55.72%). Anaemia severity was categorized as mild (33.0%), moderate (54.9%), and severe (12.1%). Factors statistically associated with anaemia included gestational age in the third trimester (AOR = 3.248, 95% CI: 1.491–7.074), lack of ANC visits (AOR = 6.828, 95% CI: 1.966–23.721), and absence of iron supplementation (AOR = 29.588, 95% CI: 2.922–299.713). Notably, a higher consumption of meat per week was associated with a reduced risk of anaemia (AOR = 0.198, 95% CI: 0.104–0.379). Conclusion The study underscores the severity of anaemia in pregnant women within the study area. Preventative measures, including patient education and supportive treatments, can mitigate factors contributing to anaemia during pregnancy. It is crucial to emphasize effective prenatal care, improve dietary practices, and promote the provision of iron supplements. Enhanced maternal education on anaemia during ANC visits has the potential to reduce anaemia prevalence and mitigate adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevalence of Anaemia and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women at Hargeisa Group Hospital, Somaliland

Abdilahi,

Jonah,

Farah

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The possible reason for this discrepancy in the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women might be the setting of the study area as the majority of these studies were conducted in town sitting and pregnant women from town sitting might be had adequate information about anemia, because of this, they might be less likely to be anemic than pregnant women who are found in a rural setting. The finding is also found to be higher than studies conducted in Uganda, 22.1%, and 24.7% 58 , 59 , and in Northern Tanzania 18.0% 60 . This discrepancy might be the differences in the socio-demographic characteristics of the mothers.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

Factors associated with anemia among pregnant women attended antenatal care: a health facility-based cross-sectional study

Balcha

Eteffa²,

Tesfu

et al. 2023

Annals of Medicine &Amp; Surgery

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Introduction: Anemia is characterized by a decline in the number or size of red blood cells and Hb concentration, which results in impairment capacity to transport oxygen. It is a major cause of indirect maternal mortality. Anemia is largely preventable and easily treatable, if detected in time; however, it remains one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to assess factors associated with anemia among pregnant women who attended antenatal care. Methods: A health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 February 2020 to 2 March 2020 among 420 pregnant women. The data were collected by systematic random sampling technique, entered into a computer using EpiData 3.5, and analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences 23.0 version. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratio with a CI of 95% and a P-value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Frequency tables, figures, and descriptive summaries were used to describe the study variables. Results: The overall prevalence of anemia was 32.9% (95% CI: 28.6–37.4), and it was higher in rural than urban pregnant women (45 vs. 23%), respectively. In multivariable analysis women who are found in the age group of greater than or equal to 30 years (AOR=3.45, 95% CI=1.22–9.78), rural residency (AOR=3.51, 95% CI=1.92–6.42), low family income (AOR=3.10, 95% CI=1.19–8.08), multiparty (AOR=2.91, 95% CI=1.33–6.38), a short interpregnancy gap (AOR 3.32, 95% CI=1.69–6.53), not taking iron and folate (AOR=4.83, 95% CI=2.62–9.90), third trimester of pregnancy (AOR=3.21, 95% CI=1.25–8.25), poor minimum dietary diversity score (AOR=3.54, 95% CI=1.58–7.95), undernourished (AOR=4.9, 95% CI=2.19–7.64), poor knowledge of anemia (AOR=3.19, 95% CI=1.72–5.93), consumption of coffee always after meal per day (AOR=3.24, 95% CI=1.42–7.42), having a history of irregular menstruation, and antepartum hemorrhage were significantly associated with anemia in pregnant women. Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in this study area was a moderate public health problem. The author suggest emphasizing the education and counseling of women on the advantage of taking the supplemented iron and folic acid. Health care providers should have to advise women to stay for at least 2 years before the next pregnancy to reduce the risk of adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Awareness creation in the community on the utilization of insecticide-treated bed nets is also needed.

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Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women at Hargeisa Group Hospital, Somaliland

Abdilahi,

Kiruja,

Farah

et al. 2024

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Anemia remains a major global public health issue, affecting around 24.8% of the world’s population in both developing and developed countries. Pregnant women in developing countries are particularly susceptible, with 38.2% affected worldwide. Anemia is also a major contributor to maternal mortality, with 510,000 maternal deaths globally, of which 20% occur in developing countries and are related to anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is the most prevalent form, impacting 1.3 to 2.2 billion individuals, with 50% being women of reproductive age. Aim This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of anemia in pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) at Hargeisa Group Hospital (HGH), Somaliland. Methods A cross-sectional study included 360 pregnant women, who sought ANC at HGH from July 15 to August 6, 2023. The study subjects were selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and participants’ current medical charts, including hemoglobin levels. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 20). Results The study revealed an overall prevalence of anemia among pregnant women at 50.6% (95% CI: 45.40 − 55.72%). Anemia severity was categorized as mild (33.0%), moderate (54.9%), and severe (12.1%). Factors statistically associated with anemia included gestational age in the third trimester (AOR = 3.248, 95% CI: 1.491–7.074), lack of ANC visits (AOR = 6.828, 95% CI: 1.966–23.721), and absence of iron supplementation (AOR = 29.588, 95% CI: 2.922–299.713). Notably, a higher consumption of meat per week was associated with a reduced risk of anemia (AOR = 0.198, 95% CI: 0.104–0.379). Conclusion The study underscores the severity of anemia in pregnant women within the range considered as severe public health problem by WHO. It is crucial to emphasize effective prenatal care, improve dietary practices, and promote the provision of iron supplements. Enhanced maternal education on Anemia during ANC visits has the potential to reduce Anemia prevalence and mitigate adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

show abstract

Prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy and associated factors in northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Prevalence of Anaemia and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women at Hargeisa Group Hospital, Somaliland

Prevalence of Anaemia and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women at Hargeisa Group Hospital, Somaliland

Factors associated with anemia among pregnant women attended antenatal care: a health facility-based cross-sectional study

Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women at Hargeisa Group Hospital, Somaliland

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