Prevalence of anal incontinence among Norwegian women: a cross-sectional study

Rømmen, Kathrine; Schei, Berit; Rydning, Astrid; Sultan, Abdul H.; Mørkved, Siv

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001257

Cited by 42 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…there was wide variation in specific factors assessed and the way that associations were determined, with some studies reporting univariate analyses alone and other studies reporting results of multivariate modeling. overall, the 3 most commonly reported factors associated with fi were increasing age, 4,14-16,18,23-25,30,36,39,42 diarrhea and/or fecal urgency, [14][15][16]18,19,24,27,41 and urinary incontinence and/or overactive bladder 13,14,17,18,21,25,32,39 (table 4). the 3 most commonly reported factors not associated with fi were obstetric history or previous obstetric trauma, [13][14][15]18,21,32,36 sex, 14,16,27,40,42 and constipation and/or hard stools 15,16,18,19 (table 4).…”

Section: Prevalence Estimates For Fimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…overall, there were only 3 studies meeting 4 or more of the high-quality criteria that investigated the prevalence of fi among a representative sample of adult community dwellers, that is, among men and women aged ≥18 years. 12,14,16 Study Aims and Design of the 32 studies reporting a prevalence of fi, 12 studies had the primary aim of determining the community prevalence of fi in isolation, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]23,29 whereas 13 studies investigated prevalence of fi in combination with rates of urinary incontinence, 24 35 and 2 studies aimed to correlate rates of incontinence with mortality 30 and functional status 26 ; in each of these latter studies, prevalence rates of fi were reported as a secondary outcome measure. all of the studies were population-based, cross-sectional studies, except for 1 study performed by adolfsson et al, 37 which was a case-control study.…”

Section: Studies Reporting Prevalence Of Fimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…for the 22 studies that reported sex-specific rates of incontinence4,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19]22,[24][25][26]28,30,32,33,[36][37][38][39][40]42 …”

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confidence: 99%

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Fecal Incontinence

Sivakumaran

Nassar

et al. 2015

Diseases of the Colon &Amp; Rectum

169

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Section: Prevalence Estimates For Fimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Studies Reporting Prevalence Of Fimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fecal Incontinence

Sivakumaran

Nassar

et al. 2015

Diseases of the Colon &Amp; Rectum

169

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“…2,11,13,17,41 Other conditions associated with FI include advanced age, disease burden (comorbidity count, diabetes), anal sphincter trauma (obstetrical injury, prior surgery), and decreased physical activity. 11,16,17,42,43 Several diseases that affect anorectal sensorimotor dysfunctions and/or alter bowel habits are also associated with FI in clinical practice (Table 2). Some of these conditions do not emerge as risk factors in community studies, possibly because their prevalence is relatively low.…”

Section: F1 Fecal Incontinencementioning

confidence: 99%

Anorectal Disorders

et al. 2016

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This report defines criteria and reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of the following common anorectal disorders: fecal incontinence (FI), functional anorectal pain, and functional defecation disorders. FI is defined as the recurrent uncontrolled passage of fecal material for at least 3 months. The clinical features of FI are useful for guiding diagnostic testing and therapy. Anorectal manometry and imaging are useful for evaluating anal and pelvic floor structure and function. Education, antidiarrheals, and biofeedback therapy are the mainstay of management; surgery may be useful in refractory cases. Functional anorectal pain syndromes are defined by clinical features and categorized into 3 subtypes. In proctalgia fugax, the pain is typically fleeting and lasts for seconds to minutes. In levator ani syndrome and unspecified anorectal pain, the pain lasts more than 30 minutes, but in levator ani syndrome there is puborectalis tenderness. Functional defecation disorders are defined by ≥2 symptoms of chronic constipation or irritable bowel syndrome with constipation, and with ≥2 features of impaired evacuation, that is, abnormal evacuation pattern on manometry, abnormal balloon expulsion test, or impaired rectal evacuation by imaging. It includes 2 subtypes: dyssynergic defecation and inadequate defecatory propulsion. Pelvic floor biofeedback therapy is effective for treating levator ani syndrome and defecatory disorders.

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“…The mechanisms by which obesity predisposes to FI are incompletely understood (62). Other conditions associated with FI include advanced age, disease burden (co-morbidity count, diabetes), anal sphincter trauma (obstetrical injury, prior surgery), and decreased physical activity (3, 9, 13, 17, 63). …”

Section: Etiology Associated Conditions and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Classification of Fecal Incontinence: State of the Science Summary for the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Workshop

Bharucha

Dunivan

Goode

et al. 2015

American Journal of Gastroenterology

242

212

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In August 2013, the National Institutes of Health sponsored a conference to address major gaps in our understanding of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of fecal incontinence (FI) and to identify topics for future clinical research. This article is the first of a two-part summary of those proceedings. FI is a common symptom, with a prevalence that ranges from 7 to 15% in community-dwelling men and women, but is often underreported as providers seldom screen for FI and patients do not volunteer the symptom, even though the symptoms can have a devastating impact on quality of life. Rough estimates suggest that FI is associated with a substantial economic burden, particularly in patients who require surgical therapy. Bowel disturbances, particularly diarrhea, the symptom of rectal urgency, and burden of chronic illness are the strongest independent risk factors for FI in the community. Smoking, obesity, and inappropriate cholecystectomy are emerging, potentially modifiable risk factors. Other risk factors for FI include advanced age, female gender, disease burden (co-morbidity count, diabetes), anal sphincter trauma (obstetrical injury, prior surgery), and decreased physical activity. Neurological disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, pelvic floor anatomical disturbances (rectal prolapse) are also associated with FI. The pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for FI include diarrhea, anal and pelvic floor weakness, reduced rectal compliance, and reduced or increased rectal sensation; many patients have multi-faceted anorectal dysfunctions. The type (urge, passive or combined); etiology (anorectal disturbance, bowel symptoms or both); and severity of FI provide the basis for classifying FI; these domains can be integrated to comprehensively characterize the symptom. Several validated scales for classifying symptom severity and its impact on quality of life are available. Symptom severity scales should incorporate the frequency, volume, consistency, and nature (urge or passive) of stool leakage. Despite the basic understanding of FI, there are still major knowledge gaps in disease epidemiology and pathogenesis, necessitating future clinical research in FI.

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Prevalence of anal incontinence among Norwegian women: a cross-sectional study

Cited by 42 publications

References 36 publications

Fecal Incontinence

Fecal Incontinence

Anorectal Disorders

Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Classification of Fecal Incontinence: State of the Science Summary for the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Workshop

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