Prevalence of and factors associated with under-5 mortality in South Asia

Sohail, Hasan; Neupane, Subas

doi:10.1093/inthealth/ihy065

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This contradict with a study that reported a preventive association (26). But this association is consistent with a study that reported from India (27,35).History of short, and rapid breathing ((1.74), (1.22, 2.48) increase the probability of under-ve sons' death than children who had not it. This association is supported by WHO report that indicated respiratory infections were one of the causes of U5M (36).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

High prevalence of under-five child mortality in the pastoralist communities of Ethiopia: Evidence from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data

Kassaw

Mamo

Abate

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and association of child mortality in the pastoralist regions of Ethiopia. The study is a further analysis from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. Results: The prevalence of under-five child mortality in the pastoralist’s regions was 23.2%, 95%CI (21.4%, 24.6%). The prevalence of mortality among daughters was 15.4%, 95%CI (14.2, 16.6%), and sons 16.8%, 95%CI (15.6, 18.1%).In logistic regression, wealth index, head of household, Khat chewing, type of child birth, husband education, and child age in months were associated with under-five mortality irrespective of the deceased children’s gender. The prevalence of under-five child mortality in the pastoralist regions of Ethiopia was high, which was far highest in relative to the national under-five mortality prevalence. In assessing the effect of variables on under-five child mortality by gender, almost all the variables that have an effect on female or male child are similar. The government should emphasize on the pastoralists’ regions to decrease the high prevalence of under-five child mortality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

High prevalence of under-five child mortality in the pastoralist communities of Ethiopia: Evidence from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data

Kassaw

Mamo

Abate

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…We found that 6.36% of children born 5 years before the selected individual surveys had died. According to a 2019 study, the overall 15-year prevalence of under-five mortality in South Asian countries was 10% ( 31 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of household access to water, sanitation, and hygiene services on under-five mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa

Gaffan

Kpozéhouen

Dégbey

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionSub-Saharan Africa has the highest under-five mortality rate and is among the regions where people have the least access to adequate Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) services. The work aimed to investigate the effects of WASH conditions faced by children on under-five mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsWe carried out secondary analyses using the Demographic and Health Survey datasets of 30 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study population consisted of children born within 5 years preceding the selected surveys. The dependent variable was the child’s status (1 = deceased versus 0 = alive) on the survey day. The individual WASH conditions in which children live were assessed in their immediate environment, i.e., at the level of their households of residence. The other explanatory variables were related to the child, mother, household, and environment. Following a description of the study variables, we identified the predictors of under-five mortality using a mixed logistic regression.ResultsThe analyses involved 303,985 children. Overall, 6.36% (95% CI = 6.24–6.49) of children died before their fifth birthday. The percentage of children living in households with access to individual basic WASH services was 58.15% (95% CI = 57.51–58.78), 28.18% (95% CI = 27.74–28.63), and 17.06% (95% CI = 16.71–17.41), respectively. Children living in households using unimproved water facilities (aOR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.04–1.16) or surface water (aOR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.03–1.20) were more likely to die before five than those coming from households with basic water facilities. The risk of under-five mortality was 11% higher for children living in households with limited sanitation facilities (aOR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.04–1.18) than for those with basic sanitation services. We found no evidence to support a relationship between household access to hygiene services and under-five mortality.ConclusionInterventions to reduce under-five mortality should focus on strengthening access to basic water and sanitation services. Further studies are needed to investigate the contribution of access to basic hygiene services on under-five mortality.

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“…Nevertheless, in order to understand the potential risk of under-5 mortality, more research in this field is required, particularly given the growing concerns around the world regarding the fatal impact of ambient air pollution exposure on child mortality, especially in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. In South Asian countries, ambient PM2.5 concentrations are manifold higher than the WHO permissible limit and their own air quality standards; moreover, in some of the countries, under-5 mortality is still very high [ 51 ]. A recent report from 2020 targeting South Asia reported a sharp rise in infant and child mortality compared to the previous year, as many basic healthcare facilities were interrupted due to the COVID-19 pandemic [ 3 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Long-Term Ambient PM2.5 Exposure and under-5 Mortality: A Scoping Review

Anita

Ueda

Uttajug

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Studies have established a link between exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) and mortality in infants and children. However, few studies have explored the association between post-birth exposure to PM2.5 and under-5 mortality. We conducted a scoping review to identify relevant epidemiological evidence on the association between post-birth ambient PM2.5 exposure and under-5 mortality. We searched PubMed and Web of Science for articles published between 1970 and the end of January 2022 that explicitly linked ambient PM2.5 and under-5 mortality by considering the study area, study design, exposure window, and child age. Information was extracted on the study characteristics, exposure assessment and duration, outcomes, and effect estimates/findings. Ultimately, 13 studies on infant and child mortality were selected. Only four studies measured the effect of post-birth exposure to PM2.5 on under-5 mortality. Only one cohort study mentioned a positive association between post-birth ambient PM2.5 exposure and under-5 mortality. The results of this scoping review highlight the need for extensive research in this field, given that long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 is a major global health risk and child mortality remains high in some countries.

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Prevalence of and factors associated with under-5 mortality in South Asia

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

High prevalence of under-five child mortality in the pastoralist communities of Ethiopia: Evidence from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data

High prevalence of under-five child mortality in the pastoralist communities of Ethiopia: Evidence from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data

Effects of household access to water, sanitation, and hygiene services on under-five mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa

Association between Long-Term Ambient PM2.5 Exposure and under-5 Mortality: A Scoping Review

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