Prevalence of, and risk factors for erectile dysfunction in male type 2 diabetic outpatient attendees in Enugu, South East Nigeria

Abstract

Context: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a strong predictor of poor quality of life in men with type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several studies evaluating ED in men with diabetes mellitus have been carried out, but few of these have been done in Nigeria. In Enugu, South East Nigeria, paucity of studies on this subject was observed. Aims: This study aims to determine the prevalence and predictors of ED in men with T2DM attending the diabetes clinics. Settings and Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study of men with T2DM in UNTH and Saint Mary's Hospital, Enugu, was carried out. The systematic sampling method was used to recruit participants. Subjects and Methods: Data collection from participants and their hospital records was done using semi-structured questionnaire. ED was assessed using the 5 items, international index of erectile function questionnaire. Statistical Analysis Used: Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20 and results presented as texts and tables. P value was set at <0.05. Results: A total of 325 participants with mean age of 57.8 ± 13.2 years were involved out of which 94.7% had ED. The proportion of participants with ED had increased with its severity. Predictors of ED included poor glycemic control, longer duration of diabetes, overweight/obesity, and older age. Poor ED health-seeking behavior and treatment were noted. Conclusions: The prevalence of ED is high. Lifestyle interventions targeted at improving glycemic control and weight loss may reduce the burden of this complication. We recommend objective ED screening using standard but brief instruments as part of routine evaluation of men with T2DM.

Risk factors of erectile dysfunction among diabetes patients in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Five of the studies included in this review were from Nigeria [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , four from Ethiopia [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , three from Ghana [32] , [55] , [56] , one each from South Africa [57] , Egypt [31] , Kenya [58] , Zimbabwe [59] , and Tanzania [60] . Concerning the sampling technique 12 of the studies [31] , [32] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [58] , [59] used consecutive sampling to select study participants. However, one study [60] did not report the sampling method.…”

Prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association with Body Mass Index and Glycated Hemoglobin in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Overall information regarding the prevalence of ED in DM patients was obtained from various countries in Africa. Two of the studies involved participants from Nigeria [41,42], two from Ethiopia [43,44], two from South Africa [39,40], one each from Guinea [45], Egypt [21], Kenya [46], Ivory coast [47], Zimbabwe [48], Tanzania [49], and Ghana [17].…”

“…Regarding the sampling technique employed, 7 of the studies [17,21,41,42,[46][47][48] used the consecutive sampling technique to select study participants. However, two studies [45,49] did not report their sampling methods.…”

“…However, two studies [45,49] did not report their sampling methods. With respect to the tools used to assess ED in DM patients, 10 studies [21,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] used the International Index of Erectile Function, two [39,40] used the Sexual Health Inventory for Men, and one study [17] used the Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction. e quality score of each primary study, based on the Newcastle-Ottawa quality score assessment, was moderate to high for all 13 articles assessed (Table 1).…”

Prevalence of erectile dysfunction patients with diabetes mellitus and its association with body mass index and glycated hemoglobin in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Overall information regarding the prevalence was obtained from various countries in Africa. Three of the studies were from Nigeria [42][43][44], three from Ethiopia [11,45,46], two from Zimbabwe [41,47] ,two from South Africa [40,48], one each from Guinea [49], Benin [18], Morocco [50], Egypt [24], Senegal [51], Kenya [52], Ivory coast [53], Tanzania [54], Uganda [55],and Ghana [20].…”