Prevalence of and risk factors for methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> colonization among human immunodeficient virus–infected outpatients in Taiwan: oral <i>Candida</i> colonization as a comparator

Wu, Chi‐Jung; Ko, Wen Chien; Ho, Mao‐Wang; Lin, Hsueh-Chun; Yang, Yun-Liang; Lin, Jiun-Nong; Huang, I-Wen; Wang, Huiying; Lai, Jui-Fen; Shiau, Yih-Ru; Hsieh, Li-Yun; Chen, Huiting; Lin, Chung-Cherng; Chu, Wen-Li; Lo, Hsiu‐Jung; Lauderdale, Tsai‐Ling

doi:10.1080/20002297.2017.1322446

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The nasal carriage rate of MRSA in this study is slightly lower than that previously reported in Taiwan in 2003 (5.6% of 296 HIV-infected patients) [12] and in 2009-2010 (4.4% of 457 HIV-infected patients) [23]. Compared with other populations in Taiwan, the nasal MRSA carriage rate among HIV-infected patients was significantly lower than that for patients hospitalized in the intensive care units (ICU) (32% of 177 patients) [30], but similar to that for adult patients receiving hemodialysis (3.8% of 296 patients) [31], adult patients visiting emergency room (3.8% of 502 patients) [32] and otherwise healthy adults for health examination (3.8% of 3098 adults) [33].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

“…MRSA has been a prevalent etiology of infections in Asian countries, including Taiwan, either in healthcare settings or in the community, for decades, but the reports regarding MRSA colonization in HIV-infected population have been scarce [12,15,23]. Hence, we conducted this study to evaluate the prevalence of and associated factors for MRSA colonization in HIV-infected population in Taiwan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among HIV-infected patients in Taiwan: prevalence, molecular characteristics and associated factors with nasal carriage

Hsu

Hung

et al. 2020

BMC Infect Dis

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Background: To evaluate nasal carriage, antibiotic susceptibility and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as well as the risk factors of MRSA colonization, in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in northern Taiwan. Methods: From September 2014 to November 2015, HIV-infected patients seeking outpatient care at four hospitals were eligible for this study. A nasal specimen was obtained from each subject for the detection of S. aureus and a questionnaire was completed by each subject. MRSA isolates once identified were characterized. Results: Of 553 patients surveyed, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was detected in 119 subjects (21.5%) and MRSA in 19 subjects (3.4%). Female gender, injection drug use, smoking, hepatitis C virus carrier, cancer and antibiotic use within 1 year were positively associated with MRSA colonization. By multivariate analysis, only cancer (adjust odds ratio (aOR) 7.78, [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.909-31.731]) and antibiotic use within 1 year (aOR 3.89, [95% CI, 1.219-12.433]) were significantly associated with MRSA colonization. Ten isolates were characterized as sequence type (ST) 59/staphylococcal chromosome cassette (SCC) IV or V T , endemic community strains in Taiwan, four isolates as ST 8/SCCmec IV (USA 300) and one isolate as ST 239/SCCmec IIIA, a hospital strain. All the community-associated MRSA isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX).

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among HIV-infected patients in Taiwan: prevalence, molecular characteristics and associated factors with nasal carriage

Hsu

Hung

et al. 2020

BMC Infect Dis

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“…aureus . That the source of swabs used to determine prevalence of S. aureus influences the level of prevalence is attested to by the findings of other researchers [32,45]. These researchers recorded approximately 2–3-fold higher prevalence of S .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Colonization of HIV-Infected Children with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

et al. 2019

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Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a public health threat owing to its extensive resistance to antibiotics, association with persistent outbreaks, and markedly increased healthcare costs. Moreover, HIV-infected individuals are at a greater risk for colonization with MRSA, and may act as reservoirs for subsequent transmission to other individuals. In Ghana, little is known about MRSA in relation to at-risk populations, such as HIV-infected children. The aim of this study was to investigate nasal carriage of S. aureus and MRSA among HIV-infected children in Accra, including the prevalence, risk factors and antibiotic resistance. Methodology: The study was cross-sectional, and involved 107 children with HIV infection and an equal number of sex- and age group- matched apparently healthy controls recruited from the Princess Marie Louis Children’s Hospital in Accra. Nasal swab specimens were collected from the study participants and cultured for bacteria. S. aureus isolates were confirmed by the coagulase test while MRSA was confirmed by PCR of the mecA gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. aureus isolates was done by the Kirby Bauer method. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic, household and clinical features of the study participants. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify determinants of S. aureus and MRSA carriage among participants of both study groups. Results: The carriage prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA were 44.9% (48) and 5.6% (6), respectively, among the HIV-infected individuals, and the corresponding values within the control group were 23.4% (25) and 0.9% (1). There was a significant association between HIV infection and S. aureus colonization (p < 0.001), but not MRSA colonization (p = 0.055). The main predictor of S. aureus colonization in both study groups was absence of colonization with coagulase negative staphylococcus (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the main predictor of MRSA colonization was regular hand washing with soap (p = 0.043); this was observed among HIV-infected individuals but not the control group. The proportion of S. aureus isolates that were multidrug resistant was 62.3% (33/53) in the HIV-infected group and 80% (20/25) in the control group (p = 0.192). Conclusions: HIV infection is a risk factor for nasal colonization of S. aureus among children in Accra but may not be for MRSA. Both the HIV-infected and uninfected children are reservoirs of multidrug resistant S. aureus. Demographic, household and clinical features appear to have little or no relationship with S. aureus and MRSA colonization in the study children.

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“…Among HAIs, polymicrobial infections are associated with severe clinical outcomes, frequently leading to aggressive infections. In most cases, polymicrobial infections exert an impact on therapeutic procedures and display increased clinical resistance to prescribed antibiotics [ 5 , 6 ]. Globally, the fungus Candida species and the Gram-positive bacterium Enterococcus species are ranked among the top microorganisms that frequently co-exist in polymicrobial infections [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and co-colonization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci and Candida in ICU-hospitalized children

Shirvani

Behzad

Abdollahi

et al. 2021

New Microbes and New Infections

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In the time span between January 2018 and September 2020, 205 patients were enrolled in a prospective cohort study at Mofid Children's Hospital. Demographic information and clinical data on all the participating children were collected and rectal swabs were performed for the sampling method. All samples were analysed so as to identify the presence of Enterococcus and Candida colonization by the use of conventional biochemical tests. Resistance to vancomycin in Enterococcus isolates was phenotypically identified using an E-test kit and MIC value, interpreted according to the CLSI criteria. The presence of vanA and vanB genes, which encode the resistance to vancomycin, was screened by PCR assay. Candida species were detected in 21.5% of rectal swab samples. Candida glabrata (56.8%) and Candida albicans (43.2%) were the only Candida species detected. Enterococcus species were detected in 29.3% of rectal swab samples. Out of 60 Enterococcus isolates, 33 (55%) were resistant to vancomycin. Moreover, vanA was detected in 84.8% and vanB was detected in 3% of the 33 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolates. Enterococcus and Candida species were frequently detected in the <1 year and 1–3 years age groups, respectively. Central venous access catheter and brain tumour were the main reasons for hospital admissions, 32.2% and 20.1% of total admissions, respectively. Furthermore, it must be noted that the most frequent underlying medical conditions in participating patients were esophageal atresia and hydrocephalus. The results of the present study demonstrated the necessity of determining the susceptibility of Enterococcus isolates to vancomycin before prescribing antibiotics.

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Prevalence of and risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization among human immunodeficient virus–infected outpatients in Taiwan: oral Candida colonization as a comparator

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among HIV-infected patients in Taiwan: prevalence, molecular characteristics and associated factors with nasal carriage

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among HIV-infected patients in Taiwan: prevalence, molecular characteristics and associated factors with nasal carriage

Colonization of HIV-Infected Children with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Frequency and co-colonization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci and Candida in ICU-hospitalized children

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