Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Lifetime Suicide Attempts in the National Comorbidity Survey

Kessler, Ronald C.; Borges, Guilherme; Walters, Ellen E.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.7.617

Cited by 2,239 publications

(1,934 citation statements)

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“…The total prevalence of any lifetime suicidality was 13% in our study, which largely matches previous research, indicating a lifetime suicidality prevalence of 13–20% in a general population (De Leo, Cerin, Spathonis, & Burgis, 2005; Kessler, Borges, & Walters, 1999; Nock et al, 2008). The observed higher prevalence of suicidality among men than women (men 16% vs women 11%, p = 0.02) is, however, unusual.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The association between different traumatic life events and suicidality

Ásgeirsdóttir

Valdimarsdóttir

Thorsteinsdottir

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Traumatic life events have been associated with increased risk of various psychiatric disorders, even suicidality. Our aim was to investigate the association between different traumatic life events and suicidality, by type of event and gender. Methods: Women attending a cancer screening programme in Iceland (n = 689) and a random sample of men from the general population (n = 709) were invited to participate. In a web-based questionnaire, life events were assessed with the Life Stressor Checklist – Revised, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criterion was used to identify traumatic life events. Reports of lifetime suicidal thoughts, self-harm with suicidal intent and suicide attempt were considered as lifetime suicidality. We used Poisson regression, adjusted for demographic factors, to express relative risks (RRs) as a measure of the associations between traumatic events and suicidality. Results: Response rate was 66% (922/1398). The prevalence of lifetime traumatic events was 76% among women and 77% among men. Lifetime suicidality was 11% among women and 16% among men. An overall association of having experienced traumatic life events with suicidality was observed [RR 2.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–3.75], with a stronger association for men (RR 3.14, 95% CI 1.25–7.89) than for women (RR 1.45, 95% CI 0.70–2.99). Increased likelihood for suicidality was observed among those who had experienced interpersonal trauma (RR 2.97, 95% CI 1.67–5.67), childhood trauma (RR 4.09, 95% CI 2.27–7.36) and sexual trauma (RR 3.44, 95% CI 1.85–6.37), with a higher likelihood for men. In addition, an association between non-interpersonal trauma and suicidality was noted among men (RR 3.27, 95% CI 1.30–8.25) but not women (RR 1.27, 95% CI 0.59–2.70). Conclusion: Findings indicate that traumatic life events are associated with suicidality, especially among men, with the strongest association for interpersonal trauma.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The association between different traumatic life events and suicidality

Ásgeirsdóttir

Valdimarsdóttir

Thorsteinsdottir

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…Factors that increase risk for suicidal ideation and attempts, such as low socio-economic status, which is associated with impediments in affording transportation and treatment; depression, which is characterized by low motivation; and borderline personality disorder, which is associated with difficulty interacting with others (Kessler, Borges, & Walters, 1999) may also serve as barriers to engaging in treatment. Social stigma associated with mental illness may also increase people's reluctance to enter and stay in treatment (Britt et al, 2008;Golberstein, Eisenberg, & Gollust, 2008).…”

Section: Motivation As a Central Issue In Suicide Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Motivational Interviewing and Self-Determination Theory With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Prevent Suicide

Britton

Patrick

Wenzel

et al. 2011

Cognitive and Behavioral Practice

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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has been found to be effective in preventing suicide-related behavior. However, it is often difficult to engage patients who are at-risk in treatment. Motivational Interviewing (MI) has been shown to increase treatment engagement and improve treatment outcomes when it is used to complement other treatments. As a general theory of human motivation that is consistent with MI, Self-Determination Theory (SDT) provides a framework for understanding how MI may be added to CBT to increase treatment engagement and effectiveness. In this paper, we use SDT to explain how MI may complement CBT to reduce suicide-related behavior, provide a case example of using MI with a suicidal patient before CBT-based treatment, and explore future directions for research.In the United States, over 300,000 people died by suicide between 1995 and 2005, making suicide a major public health concern (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Although an estimated 90% of individuals who die from suicide suffer from one or more mental disorders, up to 65% never receive psychological or psychiatric treatment (Cavanagh, Carson, Sharpe, & Lawrie, 2003). Psychosocial interventions such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy are effective in reducing suicide-related behaviors (CBT; Tarrier, Taylor, & Gooding, 2008); thus, it is important to use theoretically and empirically supported methods to ensure that at-risk clients receive effective mental health treatment. Motivational Interviewing (MI;Miller & Rollnick, 2002) has been shown to increase treatment engagement and improve treatment outcomes when it is used to complement other treatments (Hettema, Steele, & Miller, 2005). However, MI is a clinical approach that currently lacks an underlying theory to explain the mechanisms by which it functions. As a general theory of human motivation that is consistent with the underlying principles of MI, Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 2002) provides a framework for understanding the manner in which MI can be integrated with CBT to increase treatment Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Peter C. Britton, Ph.D., Center of Excellence, Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, 14424. peter.britton@va.gov. U.S. Department of Veterans AffairsPublic Access Author manuscript Cogn Behav Pract. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 October 19. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to Reduce Suicidal BehaviorIn a recent meta-analysis of 28 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), CBT was found to reduce suicide-related behavior (i.e., death by suicide, suicide attempts, suicide intent and/or plans, and ideation) in the 3 months following treatment (Tarrier et al., 2008). The primary cognitive behavioral interventions that were represented in the study included Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), problem-solving therapy, and Cognitive Therapy (CT). Although the findings were promising, a review of the major studies suggested that attrition was a common problem. For example, in Brown's ...

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“…Estimates of their lifetime prevalence range from 0.7 to 5.9% (1,2). According to a meta-analysis by Harris and Barraclough (3), the risk of suicide following attempted suicide by self-poisoning is up to 40 times the expected rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term risk factors for suicide mortality after attempted suicide ‐ Findings of a 14‐year follow‐up study

Suokas

Suominen²,

Isometsä³

et al. 2001

Acta Psychiatr Scand

232

167

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Long-term risk factors for suicide mortality after attempted suicide Ð ®ndings of a 14-year follow-up study Suokas Objective: To determine the risk of suicide over a 14-year follow-up period, and to investigate the long-term risk factors for suicide using survival analysis. Method: Data were collected on all unselected deliberate self-poisoning patients (n=1018) treated during 1983 in the emergency unit of Helsinki University Central Hospital. Results: By the end of the 14 -year follow-up period 222 (21.7%) of these patients had died. Sixty-eight (6.7%) had committed suicide; 44 (9.2%) men and 24 (4.5%) women. The long-term risk factors for suicide were male sex, previous psychiatric treatment, previous suicide attempts, somatic disease and a self-reported`wish to die' motive for the index suicide attempt. Conclusion: The essential risk factors for suicide were being male and having previous suicide attempts. In addition, history of earlier psychiatric treatment, presence of somatic disease and genuine intent to die in the index suicide attempt suggest that the long-term risk has remained high for over a decade. The ®ndings emphasize the need for long-term planning and treatment of suicide attempters met in the emergency room of general hospitals.

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Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Lifetime Suicide Attempts in the National Comorbidity Survey

Cited by 2,239 publications

References 49 publications

The association between different traumatic life events and suicidality

The association between different traumatic life events and suicidality

Integrating Motivational Interviewing and Self-Determination Theory With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Prevent Suicide

Long‐term risk factors for suicide mortality after attempted suicide ‐ Findings of a 14‐year follow‐up study

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