Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among adult diabetic patients attending Bale zone hospitals, South-East Ethiopia

Abstract

Background Anemia found in diabetes patients is often unrecognized like many other chronic diseases. The occurrence of anemia is also an additional burden to the micro vascular complications of patients with diabetes. In the selected study structure no published data were found on the prevalence of anemia and associated factors in diabetic patients. Hence, the findings of this study are very fruitful as an input for further studies and after the repetition of similar studies in different frameworks. It is helpful as input for the development of guidelines at diabetes clinics to request the laboratory assessment of hemoglobin as a routine activity. Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among diabetic patients who attended Bale zone hospitals. Methods A cross-sectional study design was conducted from September 2020–to January 2021 GC among adult diabetic patients who had follow-up at Bale zone hospitals. A total of 238 study participants were determined by single population proportion sample size calculation formula taking prevalence of anemia among adult diabetic patients 19.0%. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Information on demographic and associated factors of anemia in diabetic patients was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Blood sample collection was performed under aseptic conditions by a licensed medical laboratory professional. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1, cleaned and exported to statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 25 software tools. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with anemia in diabetic patients. P-value less than 0.05 and 95% CI were considered as statistically significant. The odds ratios were reported to indicate the strength of associations. Frequencies, percentages, charts and tables were used to summarize the characteristics of study participants. Results In this study anemia among adult diabetic patients is 18.1% (95% CI (13.2, 23.0%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the sex of the study participants and the type of diabetes mellitus were found to be statistically significant to associate with anemia. The odds of having anemia among females are nearly three times higher when compared with males (AOR 2.78, 95% CI 1.40–5.52). In addition, the odds of having anemia among adult diabetic patients who had type II diabetes mellitus (AOR 2.18, 95%CI 1.04–4.54) were 2.18 times higher than those who had type I diabetes mellitus patients. Conclusion Nearly one out of five adult diabetic patients had anemia. Sex of the patients and the type of diabetes are associated with anemia among adult diabetic patients.

Association of body iron stores and anemia in a Ghanaian type‐2 diabetes mellitus population: A multicentered cross‐sectional study

“…24 Also, Hisham and colleagues in Saudi Arabia reported a much lower prevalence (22%) of anemia in T2DM patients compared to our study. 25 According to the findings of the Solomon et al 26 the prevalence of anemia among adult diabetes mellitus patients was 18.1%, which is much lower compared to our study. Disparities in the previous and current findings in anemia prevalence could be due to T2DM patients.…”

Global Prevalence of Anemia Among Type 2 Diabetic Adult Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…followed by Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity 2023:16 https://doi.Abbreviations: CS, cross-sectional; NR, not reported. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S421851 DovePress Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity 2023:16eight (33.33%) studies from Africa,27,[33][34][35][36]40,49,50 one (4.17%) study from Europe, 42 one (4.17%) study from Australia,…”

Frequency of Anemia and its Types in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients without Renal Insufficiency

“…(15) Solomon et al reported that the frequency of anemia in both genders was almost the same, i.e., 19.01% and 21.1% in males and females, respectively. (19) Past studies reported occurrence of anemia in males upto 17%-69% and in diabetic females, 11-30%. (20,21) Females, on the other hand, were more likely to suffer from anaemia than males, according to our findings.…”

“…(18) Solomon et al resulted that among anemic patients, 81.4% had the normocytic hypochromic type of anemia. (19) According to prior research, longterm poorly controlled diabetes in patients without abnormal RFTs was linked to normocytic normochromic anemia. (23) The differences in the above results may be attributed to different populations included in the studies.…”