Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors in the sediment of WWTP effluent-dominated rivers

Effects of antibiotic resistance genes on health risks of rivers in habitat of wild animals under human disturbance – based on analysis of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors in microbes of river sediments

“…Unfortunately, PARBs were found in the rivers in the nature reserve of wild animals. The species of PARBs, as well as the total numbers of ARGs and VFs in the PARBs, were increased by HD, and some researches supported our findings (Liang et al, 2020;Zou, Xiao, et al, 2023), also indicating that HD increased the risks of Note: "TFS" is the total factor score; "HR" is the health risk of each PARB; "THR" is the total health risks of PARBs. However, the total contribution of ARGs and VFs in PARBs should be considered when the risk of PARBs in the ecological environment is evaluated.…”

“…For example, Liang et al (2020) studied the occurrence of PARBs in aquatic environments impacted by HD and found that HD leads to high microbial risk, which was reflected in the high proportion of MAGs identified as PARBs, as well as the high abundance and density of PARBs in human-disturbed areas, also confirmed that 81.8% of PARBs are related to known pathogenic taxa. Zou, Xiao, et al (2023) investigated the effect of wastewater treatment plants effluent discharge on the microbiological risks of low-flow rivers and also found the high proportion of PARBs in effluent-dominated rivers. Both of these studies indicated that intragenomic ARGs-VFs coexistence seemed more likely to occur in regions affected by HD, also indicated the higher microbial risks in rivers under HD.…”

“…Zou, Xiao, et al. (2023) investigated the effect of wastewater treatment plants effluent discharge on the microbiological risks of low‐flow rivers and also found the high proportion of PARBs in effluent‐dominated rivers. Both of these studies indicated that intragenomic ARGs‐VFs coexistence seemed more likely to occur in regions affected by HD, also indicated the higher microbial risks in rivers under HD.…”

Metagenomic and Culturomics Analysis of Microbial Communities within Surface Sediments and the Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in a Pristine River: The Zaqu River in the Lancang River Source Region, China

“…The most prevalent pathogen genes included RpoB (belonging to Acinetobacter baumannii), followed by RSc0454 and speC (Ralstonia solanacearum), as well as CcoN2 and rmlA (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Among the pathogens carrying the most diverse genes, the top 10 species were Xanthomonas oryzae (48), Salmonella enterica (45), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (40), Xanthomonas campestris (35), Erwinia amylovora (27), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (19), Fusarium graminearum (17), Escherichia coli (16), Magnaporthe oryzae (14), and Staphylococcus aureus (13). Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli were two of the pathogenic strains isolated in this study.…”

“…Bacteria can acquire ARGs and enhance antibiotic resistance through microbial community succession and HGT. Virulence factors (VFs) are essential components that facilitate microbial colonization and proliferation within the host, thus promoting disease progression [40]. Pathogenic bacteria universally depend on an array of VFs to initiate infections and adapt to host conditions; thereby, in-depth research on them contributes significantly to elucidating the fundamental mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis [41].…”