Prevalence of antibodies against Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Babesia gibsoni, and Ehrlichia spp. in dogs in the Republic of Korea

Lee, Seung‐Hee; Lee, Hyunkyoung; Yoon, Soon-Seek; Seo, Hyun-Ji; Noh, Jin-Hyeong; Yoo, Mi-Sun; Kim, Keun-Ho; Park, Yeojin; Cho, Yun Sang; So, Byung Jae

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101412

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Ehrlichia canis, the causative agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME), is transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) and is prevalent in dog populations worldwide [11,12]. The clinical outcome of ehrlichiosis varies from mild symptoms to fatal illness in the chronic phase depending on the strain, individual immune response and presence of concomitant infections [4].…”

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confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and associated risk factors for vector-borne pathogens in dogs from Egypt

et al. 2021

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Background Dogs play an important role as reservoirs of many zoonotic vector-borne pathogens worldwide, yet reports of canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) in Egypt are scarce. Methods Serum samples were collected from pet dogs (n = 500) of the three most common breeds (German Shepherd, Rottweiler and Pit Bull) in five Governates of Cairo (n = 230), Giza (n = 110), Al-Qalyubia (n = 60), Al-Gharbia (n = 60) and Kafr El-Sheikh (n = 40) with a hot desert climate. The presence of antibodies to Anaplasma spp. (A. phagocytophilum, A. platys), Ehrlichia spp. (E. canis, E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii), Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) and Dirofilaria immitis were assessed using IDEXX SNAP® 4Dx® ELISA tests. For each pathogen, risk factors (i.e. geographical area, keeping condition, sex, age, breed, tick infestation, weekly sanitation of dog enclosures and application of ectoparasiticides) were evaluated by logistic regression approach. Results In total, 18.2% (n = 91, 95% CI 15.1–21.8) of dogs scored seropositive for at least one pathogen, the most frequent being Ehrlichia spp. (n = 56; 11.2%; 95% CI 8.7–14.3) followed by Anaplasma spp. (n = 33; 6.6%, 95% CI 4.7–9.1), Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) (n = 9; 1.8%, 95% CI 0.9–3.4) and D. immitis (n = 7; 1.4%, 95% CI 0.9–2.9). In the tested population, 15.4% (95% CI 12.5–18.8) of dogs were exposed to a single pathogen while 2.4 (95% CI 1.4–4.2) and 0.4% (95% CI 0.1–1.4) were simultaneously exposed to two or three pathogens, respectively. Major risk factors associated with VBDs were living outdoors (Anaplasma spp., P = 0.0001; Ehrlichia spp., P = 0.0001), female sex (Ehrlichia spp., P = 0.005), German Shepherd breed (Anaplasma spp., P = 0.04; Ehrlichia spp., P = 0.03), tick infestation (Anaplasma spp., P = 0.0001; Ehrlichia spp., P = 0.0001; B. burgdorferi (s.l.), P = 0.003; D. immitis, P = 0.02), irregular sanitation (Anaplasma spp., P = 0.0001; Ehrlichia spp., P = 0.0001; B. burgdorferi (s.l.), P = 0.002; D. immitis, P = 0.01) and not using ectoparasiticides (Anaplasma spp., P = 0.0001; Ehrlichia spp., P = 0.0001; B. burgdorferi (s.l.), P = 0.007). Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first large-scale seroepidemiological study of CVBDs in Egypt. Considering that all of the detected pathogens are potentially zoonotic, effective ectoparasite control strategies, regular examination of pet dogs and successful chemoprophylaxis are advocated.

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Seroprevalence and associated risk factors for vector-borne pathogens in dogs from Egypt

et al. 2021

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“…Companion animals play a key role by acting as competent reservoirs and sentinels. The latter is one of the major concerns for the Korean population because the country has seen a steady increase in the companion animal population over the years [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding Anaplasma species infecting Korean domestic dogs, only A. phagocytophilum has been identified by PCR with an extremely low prevalence, ranging from 0.1% to 2.3% [ 17 18 ]. Serological techniques, such as ELISA and IFA, have revealed a seroprevalence of A. phagocytophilum ranging from 15.1% to 26.4% [ 16 18 19 20 ]. These rates are slightly higher than those obtained in the present study using the SensPERT Ab Test Kit (9.8%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological evidence of Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi and Ehrlichia canis in dogs from the Republic of Korea by rapid diagnostic test kits

et al. 2022

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Background Emergent and re-emergent canine tick-borne infections are attracting increasing attention worldwide. The rise in pet ownership and the close relationship between dogs and their owners are the most concerning factors because dogs may act as competent reservoirs for human tick-transmitted infectious agents. Objectives This study contributes to the epidemiological surveillance of canine tick-transmitted infections with zoonotic risk in the Republic of Korea (ROK) by investigating the seroprevalence of the pathogens, Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi , and Ehrlichia canis . Methods Four hundred and thirty whole blood samples from domestic dogs were collected in seven metropolitan cities and nine provinces in the ROK and tested using SensPERT Ab test kits (VetAll Laboratories®) to detect seroreactive animals. Results The seroprevalence rates identified were 9.8% (42/430) for Anaplasma spp., 2.8% (12/430) for B. burgdorferi , and 1.4% (6/430) for E. canis . The risk factors evaluated in this study that could be associated with the development of a humoral immune response, such as sex, age, and history of tick exposure, were similar. There was only one exception for dogs seroreactive to Anaplasma spp., where the risk factor “tick exposure” was statistically significant ( p = 0.047). Conclusions This serological survey exhibited the widespread presence of Anaplasma spp., B. burgdorferi , and E. canis throughout the ROK. Hence, dogs may play a key role as the sentinel animals of multiple zoonotic infectious agents in the country.

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“…Canine babesiosis did not take enough consideration in research work in Egypt compared with other animal species [ 27 ]. Other studies investigated that the prevalence of E. canis in dogs was 10.3% in Korea [ 28 ], 1.3% in Southern China [ 29 ], 44.6% in North Trinidad [ 30 ], 29.26% in Mexico [ 31 ], and 40.6% in Colombia [ 32 ]. Although our study contradicts with reports on age difference regarding positivity to E. canis , there was a significant increase in E. canis infection rate in older dogs (7 years of age and older), which suggests that acquiring infection increases with age [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although our study contradicts with reports on age difference regarding positivity to E. canis , there was a significant increase in E. canis infection rate in older dogs (7 years of age and older), which suggests that acquiring infection increases with age [ 30 ]. The diverse patterns for canine tick-borne pathogens among different countries may be attributed to the differences in the tick distribution [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, genetic, and biochemical evaluation of immune response of police dogs infected with Babesia vogeli

et al. 2021

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Background and Aim: Babesia species are tick-borne protozoan parasites of apicomplexan type which infect the erythrocytes of dogs it ranges from subclinical to severe cases, depending on different factors such as immune status, age, and presence of other co-infections with the Babesia species. Hence, this study aimed to identify the protozoan parasites infecting police dogs of different breeds, ages, and both sexes in Egypt. Concerning molecular detection of Babesia vogeli using conventional polymerase chain reaction sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, followed by the assessment of immunological and biochemical status of infected dogs. Materials and Methods: The blood of 242 police K9 dogs was collected. The age, breed, sex, and health status with clinical signs of dogs were recorded. Hematological, biochemical, and oxidative stress analyses of the blood were performed together with gene expression analysis using two genes (gamma interferon [IFN-γ] and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF- α]). The identification of the causative agent was performed using molecular analysis of the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). The 18S rRNA region of canine Babesia spp. was successfully amplified, and sequencing data were deposited in GenBank (accession number: MT565474.1), which resembled those of B. vogeli. Results: The results of blood samples screening revealed that of the 242 blood samples, 62 were positive for B. vogeli infection. The infection rate in male dogs was higher than that in female dogs. The police dogs were classified into the following three groups of dogs: (1st group) healthy, (2nd infected with B. vogeli, and mixed infection of B. vogeli and Ehrlichia canis). The oxidative stress biomarkers levels in B. vogeli infected dogs were greater than that of healthy dogs. Likewise, IFN-γ and TNF-α level in B. vogeli infected dogs were elevated in infected dogs. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that B. vogeli had completely adverse effects on the health condition of the police dogs that may lead to death in some dogs.

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Prevalence of antibodies against Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Babesia gibsoni, and Ehrlichia spp. in dogs in the Republic of Korea

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Seroprevalence and associated risk factors for vector-borne pathogens in dogs from Egypt

Seroprevalence and associated risk factors for vector-borne pathogens in dogs from Egypt

Serological evidence of Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi and Ehrlichia canis in dogs from the Republic of Korea by rapid diagnostic test kits

Prevalence, genetic, and biochemical evaluation of immune response of police dogs infected with Babesia vogeli

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