Prevalence of Antibodies to Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae in Dogs from Southeastern Australia

Sexton, Daniel J.; Banks, Joan; Graves, Stephen; Hughes, K. L.; Dwyer, Bryan

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1991.45.243

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Discordant samples were read by a second examiner independently to confirm endpoint reactivity. Sera with titres of 1:64 or greater were considered positive, as previously described [13,15,19]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date seroepidemiological studies on rickettsial diseases involving dogs have focussed on their role as possible sentinel hosts for human rickettsioses in Australia. In 1991, 11.2% of dogs from south eastern Australia, which included coastal New South Wales, eastern coastal Victoria, Flinders Island, and the Tasmanian mainland, were found to be seropositive to R. australis infection [19]. A serosurvey in Launceston, Tasmania, where spotted fever group (SFG) diseases are endemic, demonstrated that 57% of dogs had been exposed to SFG rickettsiae [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence and risk factors for Rickettsia felis exposure in dogs from Southeast Queensland and the Northern Territory, Australia

Hii

Abdad²,

Kopp

et al. 2013

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundThe recent detection of Rickettsia felis DNA in dogs in Australia suggests that dogs are potential mammalian reservoir hosts for this emerging rickettsia. To date, there is no published report addressing the seroprevalence of R. felis in dogs in Australia.MethodsAntigens for R. felis were produced by inoculating confluent XTC-2 monolayer cell cultures with three pools of cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) homogenates. Infection was confirmed by real-time (qPCR), conventional or nested PCRs targeting the ompB, gltA, 17 kDa and ompA genes. Two hundred and ninety-two dogs from Southeast Queensland and the Northern Territory were tested for the presence of R. felis antibodies using a microimmunofluorescence (IF) test and the seroprevalence and associated risk factors for exposure were determined using both uni- and multi-variate analyses.ResultsRickettsia felis was successfully isolated in cell culture from all three cat-flea pools. One hundred and forty-eight dogs (50.7%) showed seropositivity with titres ≥64 and 54 (18.5%) with titres ≥128. At antibody titres ≥64, dogs with active ectoparasite control were less likely to be seropositive to R. felis (OR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.20 - 5.56).ConclusionsThis first reported isolation of R. felis in cell culture in Australia allowed for the production of antigen for serological testing of dogs. Results of this serological testing reflects the ubiquitous exposure of dogs to R. felis and advocate for owner vigilance with regards to ectoparasite control on domestic pets.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and risk factors for Rickettsia felis exposure in dogs from Southeast Queensland and the Northern Territory, Australia

Hii

Abdad²,

Kopp

et al. 2013

Parasites Vectors

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“…Using serological methods, this agent was found to be a new spotted fever group rickettsia (256) and was named R. australis in 1950 (249). Thereafter, Queensland tick typhus has been recognized along the entire eastern coast of Australia east of the Great Dividing Range (127,314,316). In regions south of Queensland, cases were recorded in the 1990s in the eastern coastal region of New South Wales, including its capital, Sydney (93).…”

Section: Pathogens Described Prior To 1984mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: Emerging Diseases Challenging Old Concepts

2005

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SUMMARY During most of the 20th century, the epidemiology of tick-borne rickettsioses could be summarized as the occurrence of a single pathogenic rickettsia on each continent. An element of this paradigm suggested that the many other characterized and noncharacterized rickettsiae isolated from ticks were not pathogenic to humans. In this context, it was considered that relatively few tick-borne rickettsiae caused human disease. This concept was modified extensively from 1984 through 2005 by the identification of at least 11 additional rickettsial species or subspecies that cause tick-borne rickettsioses around the world. Of these agents, seven were initially isolated from ticks, often years or decades before a definitive association with human disease was established. We present here the tick-borne rickettsioses described through 2005 and focus on the epidemiological circumstances that have played a role in the emergence of the newly recognized diseases.

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“…It is known to occur along the entire eastern seaboard of the continent, to the east of the Great Dividing Range. 22,23 A new member of spotted fever group rickettsia (R. honei) has recently been detected on Flinders Island in the Bass Strait. [24][25][26][27][28] Each group of rickettsial diseases is transmitted by a different invertebrate ectoparasite species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rickettsia serosurvey in Kimberley, Western Australia.

Graves

Wang²,

Nack³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. To determine if antibodies to rickettsiae (scrub typhus, spotted fever, and typhus group rickettsiae) occur among persons living in the Kimberley (northern tropical) region of Western Australia, 920 sera collected in a nonrandom manner in 1996 from patients in Kununurra, Broome, Fitzroy Crossing, Wyndham, Derby, and Halls Creek were tested by micro-immunofluorescence for antibodies to a panel of rickettsial antigens. Of 920 sera examined, 52 (5.6%) were positive for antibodies to one or more of the three groups of rickettsial microorganisms. The largest group of sera (24; 2.6%) were positive for scrub typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi). Eleven other sera (1.2%) were positive for scrub typhus and spotted fever group rickettsiae and four (0.4%) were positive for scrub typhus, spotted fever group, and typhus group rickettsiae. In addition 13 sera (1.4%) were positive only for spotted fever group rickettsiae. In this study, only titers Ն 1:256 were considered significant. Thus, there is serologic evidence for scrub typhus and spotted fever group rickettsial infections in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Because of the method of serum collection, it is not possible to determine the prevalence of seropositivity, but the data support the need for a proper epidemiologic study of rickettsial diseases in this region of Australia.Rickettsial diseases have long been recognized in Australia.

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Prevalence of Antibodies to Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae in Dogs from Southeastern Australia

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Seroprevalence and risk factors for Rickettsia felis exposure in dogs from Southeast Queensland and the Northern Territory, Australia

Seroprevalence and risk factors for Rickettsia felis exposure in dogs from Southeast Queensland and the Northern Territory, Australia

Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: Emerging Diseases Challenging Old Concepts

Rickettsia serosurvey in Kimberley, Western Australia.

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