Prevalence of antibody to human calicivirus in general population of northern japan

Sakuma, Yasuhiko; Chiba, Shunzo; Kogasaka, Ryoichi; Terashima, H; Nakamura, Shinichi; Horino, Kiyotaka; Nakao, Tooru

doi:10.1002/jmv.1890070306

Cited by 54 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Since 97% of the samples examined from this age group were collected within the first week of life, this likely represents the prevalence of maternal antibody against these viruses. Similarly, a low prevalence of antibodies against SVs in children of Ͻ5 months of age was also reported in Japan and Kenya (29,36), although another study reported a 100% seroprevalence to the Sapporo virus among children 0 to 3 months of age in Houston, TX, with a sharp drop to 25% between 4 and 11 months of age (28). When serum samples collected from U.S. military personnel were studied, we found a 63% prevalence of SV antibodies and 63 to 100% prevalence in adults was reported in Asian countries and the United States by others (26,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Baculovirus expression and VLP formation of SV capsid proteins have also been reported (10,12,19,30); however, the yield of SV VLPs obtained is typically low. Since there are very limited reports on the seroprevalence of SVs (26,28,29,36), in this article we describe the bacterial expression of SV capsid fusion proteins, the development of an EIA for measuring anti-SV antibodies, and its application in a study of SV seroprevalence in children. …”

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confidence: 99%

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Development of an Enzyme Immunoassay for Detection of Sapovirus-Specific Antibodies and Its Application in a Study of Seroprevalence in Children

et al. 2006

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Sapoviruses (SVs) are an important cause of acute pediatric gastroenteritis. Due to the lack of appropriate diagnostic methods, the epidemiology of SV-associated illness remains poorly understood. Baculovirus and Escherichia coli expression systems were evaluated for the development of antibody detection enzyme immunoassays (EIA). Age-related antibody prevalence in children was studied using the new EIA. Because of the low yield of the baculovirus system, the E. coli-expressed SV capsid proteins were used to develop the EIA. The antigenic specificities of the E. coli-expressed SV capsid proteins were demonstrated using hyperimmune antisera raised in animals and sera collected from patients. A high prevalence (>90%) of antibodies to both SV (strain Mex340) and norovirus (strain VA387) was observed in children involved in a birth cohort at 20 to 24 months of age; however, at 1 to 3 months of age, <25% of the children possessed anti-SV antibodies versus >90% with anti-NV antibodies. The E. coli-derived SV proteins are an excellent source of antigens for the EIA. SV infection is common in the first 2 years of life. The low prevalence of maternal antibodies detected in Mexican children against SVs in this study is unique and needs to be addressed in future studies.The family Caliciviridae consists of four genera, Norovirus (NV), Sapovirus (SV), Lagovirus, and Vesivirus, from which NV and SV cause disease mainly in humans and therefore are also referred to as human caliciviruses (HuCVs) (9). NVs are the leading cause of epidemic gastroenteritis, often causing large water-or food-borne outbreaks in all ages, while SVs are implicated mainly in pediatric gastroenteritis. In a study among Mexican children, we found that 19% of the sporadic acute gastroenteritis cases were associated with HuCVs and over a third of these were caused by SVs (8). Pang et al. reported 20% and 9% detection rates for NVs and SVs, respectively, in stool specimens of children with acute gastroenteritis in Finland (31,32). It is generally accepted that SV gastroenteritis is less severe than that of rotavirus or NV; however, SVs have been detected in 1 to 3% of stool specimens collected from children hospitalized with gastroenteritis, indicating that SVs can cause severe illness (34,38,47). Also, with the increasing awareness of SV gastroenteritis and improved diagnostic methods, SVs were recently implicated in several gastroenteritis outbreaks in adult populations (22,43).Because of the lack of a suitable animal model and tissue culture system for the propagation of HuCVs (5), the study of these pathogens has advanced slowly since the description of the prototype Norwalk and Sapporo viruses in the 1970s (3, 23). The cloning and genomic characterization of the Norwalk virus (14) and subsequently other HuCVs opened the way for the development of diagnostic techniques, such as reverse transcription-PCR (16) and enzyme immunoassays (EIA) utilizing recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) (15, 17). These techniques proved to be superior to previously use...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

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confidence: 99%

Development of an Enzyme Immunoassay for Detection of Sapovirus-Specific Antibodies and Its Application in a Study of Seroprevalence in Children

et al. 2006

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“…Sapovirus infections have also been reported in all age groups (18,23,24,33,41,52), and outbreaks of sapovirus gastroenteritis have been described in child day care centers (38), elderly persons' homes (23), and hospitals (24,53).…”

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confidence: 99%

Structural and Functional Characterization of Sapovirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase

Fullerton

Blaschke²,

Coutard

et al. 2007

J Virol

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Sapoviruses are one of the major agents of acute gastroenteritis in childhood. They form a tight genetic cluster (genus) in the Caliciviridae family that regroups both animal and human pathogenic strains. No permissive tissue culture has been developed for human sapovirus, limiting its characterization to surrogate systems. We report here on the first extensive characterization of the key enzyme of replication, the RNAdependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) pol synthesizes a double-stranded RNA or labels the template 3 terminus by terminal transferase activity. Initiation of RNA synthesis occurs de novo on heteropolymeric templates or in a primerdependent manner on polyadenylated templates. Strikingly, this mode of initiation of RNA synthesis was also described for norovirus, but not for lagovirus, suggesting structural and functional homologies in the RNAdependent RNA polymerase of human pathogenic caliciviruses. This first experimental evidence makes sapovirus 3D pol an attractive target for developing drugs to control calicivirus infection in humans.

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“…The differences in outcome could be due to variations in infection dose or in immunity to this specific variant of calicivirus. Antibodies to NLVs are acquired in early childhood and can be detected in up to 90% of older children and adults (16,35). Studies of the role of serum antibodies in mediating protection against NLVs, however, have yielded conflicting results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food-Borne Outbreak of Gastroenteritis Associated with Genogroup I Calicivirus

et al. 2002

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An outbreak of gastroenteritis affecting 158 of 219 (72%) guests and employees at a hotel is described. Food served at the hotel restaurant is believed to have been the source of the outbreak and to have been contaminated by sick employees working in the restaurant. A secondary attack rate of 22% was seen involving 43 persons in all. In stool specimens from seven of eight patients, Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) were detected by electron microscopy. While NLV-specific PCR using primers JV12 and JV13 were negative, all specimens examined with primers NVp69 and NVp110 were positive. The failure of primers JV12 and JV13 was attributed to several mismatches in the JV12 primer. Genotyping and sequence analysis revealed that all samples had identical sequences and clustered with genogroup I, and the most closely related well-characterized genotype is Desert Shield. This is the first described food-borne outbreak associated with genogroup I virus in Sweden.

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Prevalence of antibody to human calicivirus in general population of northern japan

Cited by 54 publications

References 14 publications

Development of an Enzyme Immunoassay for Detection of Sapovirus-Specific Antibodies and Its Application in a Study of Seroprevalence in Children

Development of an Enzyme Immunoassay for Detection of Sapovirus-Specific Antibodies and Its Application in a Study of Seroprevalence in Children

Structural and Functional Characterization of Sapovirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase

Food-Borne Outbreak of Gastroenteritis Associated with Genogroup I Calicivirus

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