Prevalence of antibody to the hepatitis A virus in a large institution for the mentally retarded

Lehmann, Noreen I.; Sharma, Deewakar; Gust, Ian D.

doi:10.1002/jmv.1890020406

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Infections caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV) are endemic throughout the world (6,21,41). Apart from communitybased epidemics (7,15,16,26), outbreaks of the disease are frequently associated with hospitals (3,13,25,45), day-care centers (12,(15)(16)(17)40), schools and institutions for mentally ill people (27,31,37,41), and eating establishments (19,25,28,30). Whereas fecally contaminated food (e.g., shellfish) and potable water are well recognized as vehicles for HAV (6,8,36,41), in nearly 50% of the cases the vehicle(s) responsible for virus spread remains unidentified (15).…”

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Survival of hepatitis A virus on human hands and its transfer on contact with animate and inanimate surfaces

et al. 1992

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The survival of hepatitis A virus (HAV; strain HM175) on the hands of five volunteers was determined by depositing 10 ,ul of fecally suspended virus on each fingerpad and eluting the inoculum after 0, 20, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min. The amount of virus recovered from each fingerpad at 0 min was approximately 6.0 x 104 PFU. At the end of 4 h, 16 to 30%o of the initially recoverable virus remained detectable on the fingerpads. HAV inocula (10 ,ul; approximately 1.0 x 104 PFU) placed on fingerpads or 1-cm-diameter metal disks were used to determine virus transfer to clean surfaces upon a 10-s contact at a pressure of nearly 0.2 kg/cm2. When the inoculum was dried for 20 min, virus transfer from fingerpad to fingerpad, fingerpad to disk, and disk to fingerpad ranged from 2,667 to 3,484 PFU, while 0 to 50 PFU could be transferred after 4 h of drying. Elevation of the contact pressure alone from 0.2 to 1.0 kg/cm2 resulted in an approximately threefold increase in the amount of virus transferred. Incorporation of friction (10 half turns of the finger during 10 s of contact) with the low and high levels of pressure gave two-and threefold increases in the PFU of virus transferred, respectively. Pressure and friction were found to significantly affect HAV transfer (F = 33.98; P < 0.05), irrespective of the mode of transfer used. No statistically significant interaction was observed between mode of transfer and pressure or friction. The findings of this quantitative study suggest that human hands may play an important role in the direct as well as the indirect spread of HAV.

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Survival of hepatitis A virus on human hands and its transfer on contact with animate and inanimate surfaces

et al. 1992

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“…Apart from the cases that occur in the general community, hepatitis A outbreaks are now a recognized problem in day-care centers (13), hospitals (11,17), schools (26), institutions for the mentally handicapped (18,21), and animal care facilities (38). In many of these outbreaks, the vehicles of virus spread remain obscure (12).…”

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Effect of relative humidity and air temperature on survival of hepatitis A virus on environmental surfaces

Mbithi

Springthorpe

Sattar

1991

Appl Environ Microbiol

177

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Stainless steel disks (diameter, 1 cm) were contaminated with fecally suspended hepatitis A virus (HAV; strain HM-175) and held at low (25% ± 5%), medium (55% ± 5%), high (80% ± 5%), or ultrahigh (95% + 5%) relative humidity (RH) at an air temperature of 5, 20, or 35°C. HAV survival was inversely proportional to the level of RH and temperature, and the half-lives of the virus ranged from >7 days at the low RH and 5°C to about 2 h at the ultrahigh RH and 35°C. In parallel tests with fecally suspended Sabin poliovirus (PV) type 1 at the low and ultrahigh RH, all PV activity was lost within 4 h at the low RH whereas at the ultrahigh RH it remained detectable up to 12 h. HAV could therefore survive much better than PV on nonporous environmental surfaces. Moreover, the ability of HAV to survive better at low levels of RH is in direct contrast to the behavior of other enteroviruses. These findings should help in understanding the genesis of HAV outbreaks more clearly and in designing better measures for their control and prevention.

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“…Το φαινόμενο αυτό που παρατηρείται στις περισσότερες αναπτυγμένες χώρες (112,118) (123,124,125,126). Η συχνότητα μόλυνσης είναι μεγάλη και σε ιδρύματα με συγχρωτισμό, όπως σταθμοί για παιδιά προσχολικής ηλικίας (127,128) και ιδρύματα με διανοητικά καθυστερημένα παιδιά (129,130,131,132). Το σχολικό περιβάλλον δεν φαίνεται να παίζει ιδιαίτερο ρόλο, αν επικρατούν καλές συνθήκες υγιεινής (133).…”

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Ανοσογονικοτητα Και Ασφαλεια Εμβολιου Απο Αδρανοποιημενο Ιο Ηπατιτιδας Α

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V oenymrns Τμημοτοε ΝοσηΛευτ ι y-fis Γ.ΠΑΠΑΕΥΑΓΤΕΛΟΥ Hoen/nxfis ΤμιΊμοτοβ ΝοσηΛευτ ι y f,s Λ» ΣΠΑΡΟΙ ΗαβηγητηΒ Τμήμοτοε ΝοσηΛευτ ι y ns ΕΞΕΤΑΣΤΙΚΗ ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΗ Γ. Ι : ΑΡΒΟΥΝΤΖΗΣ Η.ο on ynrns ΤμΛμυΤοκ ΝοσηΛευτ ι κ ns Γ.ΠΑΠΑΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΟΥ Koenyncns Τμημαχο<3 Νασηλευτ ι * ΙΊΒ Α.ΣΠΑΡΟΣ h υ•ε)Γιγητη5 Τμήματος ΝοσηΛευτι Ηns Λ.ΑΝΘΟΠΟΥΛϋΣ Ανοπλ.Γοβηγητη^ Τμηματοε ΝοσηΛευτι κ Ι,. ΜΑΝΤΑΣ Επ ι y . ΚαβηγηττΊε Τμημοτοε ΝοσηΛευτ ι y fi ΒΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΚΟ ΣΗΜΕΙΩΜΑ Γεννήθηκα στην Πάτρα το 1961. Τέλειωσα το Λύκειο στην Αθήνα το 1979. Τον Οκτώβριο του 1979 πέτυχα στις εισαγωγικές εξετάσεις του Ιατρικού τμήματος της Στρατιωτικής Σχολής Αξιωματικών Σωμάτων στην Θεσσαλονίκη. Αποφοίτησα από την Ιατρική Σχολή του Αριστοτελείου Πανεπιστημίου Θεσσαλονίκης τον Ιούλιο του 1985. Υπηρέτησα σαν εσωτερικός βοηθός στο Ναυτικό Νοσοκομείο Αθηνών ano τον Οκτώβριο του 1985 έως τον Δεκέμβριο του 1986. Παράλληλα φοίτησα στο σχολείο Υπερβαρικής Ιατρικής του Ν. If. Α. Στη συνέχεια από τον Ιανουάριο του 1987 έως τον Ιούνιο του 1988 υπηρέτησα σαν ιατρός σε πλοίο του Πολεμικού Ναυτικού. Τον Ιούνιο του 1988 άρχισα την ειδίκευση μου στην Μικροβιολογία.

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Prevalence of antibody to the hepatitis A virus in a large institution for the mentally retarded

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Survival of hepatitis A virus on human hands and its transfer on contact with animate and inanimate surfaces

Survival of hepatitis A virus on human hands and its transfer on contact with animate and inanimate surfaces

Effect of relative humidity and air temperature on survival of hepatitis A virus on environmental surfaces

Ανοσογονικοτητα Και Ασφαλεια Εμβολιου Απο Αδρανοποιημενο Ιο Ηπατιτιδας Α

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