Prevalence of antinuclear antibody in patients with multiple sclerosis: a case-control study

Abstract

Background Antinuclear antibody (ANA) is a common test for excluding alternative diagnoses. However, the significance of ANA testing in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unclear. Objectives To compare the prevalence of positive ANA antibody and its titer between patients with MS (cases) and non-MS patients who attended neurology clinics (control) in Saudi Arabia. Methods A case-control review of ANA results for all patients who attended a neurology MS clinic. We compared a convenience sample of patients with MS with individuals with general neurology problems and no known autoimmune diseases. Results There were 115 and 103 participants in the MS and control group, respectively. The mean age in the MS and control group was 33.76 ± 8.96 years and 34.95 ± 8.56 years, respectively. In the MS group, 25.22%, 60%, 11.30%, and 3.48% were negative, mildly positive, moderately positive, and strongly positive for ANA, respectively. In the control group, there were 34.95%, 54.37%, and 10.68% were negative, mild positive, and moderate positive, respectively. There were numerically, but not significantly, more positive cases in the MS group (74.78%) than in the control group (65.05%) (p = .117). Conclusion ANA testing in routine MS screening for excluding alternative diagnoses should be discouraged unless there is a remarkable history or clinical examination finding. Mild positive ANA is common among patients with MS and does not significantly differ from the general population.

Current Updates on the Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Sclerosis for the General Neurologist

“… 26 Serum antinuclear antibody can be mildly elevated in patients with MS, but at rates similar to the general population. 27 Anti-aquaporin-4 and anti-MOG tests are recommended for patients with optic neuritis, 28 tumefactive brain lesions, or longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesions (>3 segments) to detect NMO and MOG-associated disorder. Current research has found that serum neurofilament light chain has potential efficacy as a biomarker for ongoing inflammatory activity, although this test currently has restricted availability.…”