Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression, and Perceived Stigma in Healthcare Workers in Nepal During Later Phase of First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

Adhikari, Suman Prasad; Rawal, Namrata; Shrestha, Dhan Bahadur; Budhathoki, Pravash; Banmala, Sabin; Awal, Shila; Bhandari, Ganesh; Poudel, Rajesh; Parajuli, Avishek R

doi:10.7759/cureus.16037

Cited by 24 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Contrary to our second hypothesis, this study found that cancer participants were less stressed and had better eudemonic psychological wellbeing, coping better (1 in 2 flourishing), with higher positive affect and less negative affect and with higher psychological flexibility than those without cancer. The levels of stress cancer patients experienced in this study were also lower than those of frontline healthcare workers found in a recent study [ 77 ]. This interesting finding may again be related to individuals who have had a cancer experience developing the abilities to better deal with new health-related threats compared to those who had never before experienced such threat.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Mental Health and Adherence to COVID-19 Protective Behaviors among Cancer Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International, Multinational Cross-Sectional Study

Kassianos

Georgiou

Kyprianidou

et al. 2021

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted during the first COVID-19 wave, to examine the impact of COVID-19 on mental health using an anonymous online survey, enrolling 9565 individuals in 78 countries. The current sub-study examined the impact of the pandemic and the associated lockdown measures on the mental health, and protective behaviors of cancer patients in comparison to non-cancer participants. Furthermore, 264 participants from 30 different countries reported being cancer patients. The median age was 51.5 years, 79.9% were female, and 28% had breast cancer. Cancer participants reported higher self-efficacy to follow recommended national guidelines regarding COVID-19 protective behaviors compared to non-cancer participants (p < 0.01). They were less stressed (p < 0.01), more psychologically flexible (p < 0.01), and had higher levels of positive affect compared to non-cancer participants. Amongst cancer participants, the majority (80.3%) reported COVID-19, not their cancer, as their priority during the first wave of the pandemic and females reported higher levels of stress compared to males. In conclusion, cancer participants appeared to have handled the unpredictable nature of the first wave of the pandemic efficiently, with a positive attitude towards an unknown and otherwise frightening situation. Larger, cancer population specific and longitudinal studies are warranted to ensure adequate medical and psychological care for cancer patients.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Mental Health and Adherence to COVID-19 Protective Behaviors among Cancer Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International, Multinational Cross-Sectional Study

Kassianos

Georgiou

Kyprianidou

et al. 2021

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, one study 81 found that HCWs who stay in a hostel or accommodations provided by a hospital report higher perceived stigma than those who stay at home. Another study 80 found that HCWs living with the elderly, who are more prone to infection 86 , report higher perceived stigma. However, two studies found no difference in perceived stigma between living with family or not 84,85 .…”

Section: The Stigmatizedmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It is noteworthy that though some scholars suggest that female HCWs may be more vulnerable to stressful environments and more prone to feeling stigmatized 82 , other studies found a null association between gender and perceived stigma 80,81,83,84,85 .…”

Section: The Stigmatizedmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The scar that takes time to heal: A systematic review of COVID-19-related stigma targets, antecedents, and outcomes

Zhang¹,

Chen²,

Yao³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

COVID-19, as a crucial public health crisis, has affected our lives in nearly every aspect. Besides its major health threats, COVID-19 brings severe secondary impacts, one of which is the rise of social stigma. Although numerous studies have examined the antecedents and outcomes of COVID-19-related stigma, we still lack a systematic understanding of who is being stigmatized during the COVID-19 pandemic, what exacerbates COVID-19-related stigma, and what impacts COVID-19-related stigma has on victims. Therefore, this review aims to provide a systematic overview of COVID-19-related stigma. With 96 papers conducted with 134,142 individuals in more than 150 countries and territories spanning five continents, we identify three targets that have received the most research: Chinese/Asian people, (suspected) patients and survivors, and healthcare workers. Furthermore, we find that for each stigma target, characteristics of the stigmatized, stigmatizer, and context contribute to COVID-19-related stigma and that this stigma negatively influences victims’ health and non-health outcomes. We call for future research to provide a more integrative, balanced, and rigorous picture of COVID-19-related stigma via conducting research on neglected topics and stigma interventions and using a longitudinal design. In practice, we urge governments and institutions to pay close attention to stigma issues and to promote safe and inclusive societies.

show abstract

“…Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) B : 7-item assessment of anxiety symptoms, structured in the same format as the PHQ-9. Previously used in Nepal [99][100][101]. PT T0,T1,T2 .…”

Section: Accurate Diagnosis Structured Clinical Interview For Dsm-5-c...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation strategy in collaboration with people with lived experience of mental illness to reduce stigma among primary care providers in Nepal (RESHAPE): protocol for a type 3 hybrid implementation effectiveness cluster randomized controlled trial

Kohrt

Turner

Gurung³

et al. 2022

Implementation Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background There are increasing efforts for the integration of mental health services into primary care settings in low- and middle-income countries. However, commonly used approaches to train primary care providers (PCPs) may not achieve the expected outcomes for improved service delivery, as evidenced by low detection rates of mental illnesses after training. One contributor to this shortcoming is the stigma among PCPs. Implementation strategies for training PCPs that reduce stigma have the potential to improve the quality of services. Design In Nepal, a type 3 hybrid implementation-effectiveness cluster randomized controlled trial will evaluate the implementation-as-usual training for PCPs compared to an alternative implementation strategy to train PCPs, entitled Reducing Stigma among Healthcare Providers (RESHAPE). In implementation-as-usual, PCPs are trained on the World Health Organization Mental Health Gap Action Program Intervention Guide (mhGAP-IG) with trainings conducted by mental health specialists. In RESHAPE, mhGAP-IG training includes the added component of facilitation by people with lived experience of mental illness (PWLE) and their caregivers using PhotoVoice, as well as aspirational figures. The duration of PCP training is the same in both arms. Co-primary outcomes of the study are stigma among PCPs, as measured with the Social Distance Scale at 6 months post-training, and reach, a domain from the RE-AIM implementation science framework. Reach is operationalized as the accuracy of detection of mental illness in primary care facilities and will be determined by psychiatrists at 3 months after PCPs diagnose the patients. Stigma will be evaluated as a mediator of reach. Cost-effectiveness and other RE-AIM outcomes will be assessed. Twenty-four municipalities, the unit of clustering, will be randomized to either mhGAP-IG implementation-as-usual or RESHAPE arms, with approximately 76 health facilities and 216 PCPs divided equally between arms. An estimated 1100 patients will be enrolled for the evaluation of accurate diagnosis of depression, generalized anxiety disorder, psychosis, or alcohol use disorder. Masking will include PCPs, patients, and psychiatrists. Discussion This study will advance the knowledge of stigma reduction for training PCPs in partnership with PWLE. This collaborative approach to training has the potential to improve diagnostic competencies. If successful, this implementation strategy could be scaled up throughout low-resource settings to reduce the global treatment gap for mental illness. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04282915. Date of registration: February 25, 2020.

show abstract

Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression, and Perceived Stigma in Healthcare Workers in Nepal During Later Phase of First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Mental Health and Adherence to COVID-19 Protective Behaviors among Cancer Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International, Multinational Cross-Sectional Study

Mental Health and Adherence to COVID-19 Protective Behaviors among Cancer Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International, Multinational Cross-Sectional Study

The scar that takes time to heal: A systematic review of COVID-19-related stigma targets, antecedents, and outcomes

Implementation strategy in collaboration with people with lived experience of mental illness to reduce stigma among primary care providers in Nepal (RESHAPE): protocol for a type 3 hybrid implementation effectiveness cluster randomized controlled trial

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About