Prevalence of asymptomatic chlamydial urethritis in military recruits in the Celje region, Slovenia

Skaza, Alenka Trop; Gršković, Branka; Pleština, Sanja; Božina, Nada; Potočnik, Marko; Waugh, Michael

doi:10.1258/09564620360719822

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This data is in agreement with study reports from other countries in Europe [3]. Chlamydial infection was more frequently found in younger age groups consistent with results of other studies [4,5].…”

Section: To the Editorsupporting

confidence: 93%

Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Croatian symptomatic and asymptomatic men

Ljubin¹,

KruzicVladimira²,

Vilibic³

et al. 2006

The Journal of Men's Health & Gender

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Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is a major pathogen causing nongonococcal urethritis in men, together with Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma genitalium [1]. There is little information about the prevalence of C. trachomatis genital infection in men in Croatia [2]. We sought to determine the prevalence of the C. trachomatis genital infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic men presenting for diagnosis at a public health laboratory, and to explore a possible association between patient age and C. trachomatis infection. . Patients (n = 888) were referred for a C. trachomatis test by their general practitioners. During the clinical examination, samples for C. trachmatis identification were collected and patients asked about the reason of their visit. Patients were divided according to their symptoms into following groups:1. Symptomatic patients (S): those showing urethral discharge and/or dysuria (n = 173). 2. Asymptomatic patients (A): those not showing any kind of symptoms (n = 280). This group comprised two subgroups: A 1 -patients undergoing the test as part of an extended periodical general medical examination (n = 129), and A 2 -patients whose sexual partners had certain non-specific urogenital complaints (n = 151).We excluded patients who came for a control examination after receiving a specific antimicrobial therapy (n = 158) and patients contacting a physician for untypical symptoms (lower abdominal or inguinal pain, arthritis of unknown cause, infertility problems) (n = 277) from analysis.Urethral swabs were collected using the specimen collection kit provided by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) manufacturer (MicroTak II Chlamydia EIA-Trinity Biotech). To detect the chlamydial antigen all urethral swabs were tested using EIA according to the directions on the package insert. In all specimens giving results above the cut-off value (presumptive positive results) confirmation was by direct fluorescent-antibody test.The ages of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients were compared using t-test for the independent samples in which equality of variances is not assumed (checked with Levene's test for equality of variance). The chi 2 -test was used to compare the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection in different age groups.Patients ranged from 18 to 79 years of age (average 34.63; SD = 11.31). There was no age difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients (t = 1.663; df = 451; p = 0.097). In symptomatic patients, the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was higher (18.5%; CI 12.7-24.3) than in asymptomatic patients 80

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Section: To the Editorsupporting

confidence: 93%

Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Croatian symptomatic and asymptomatic men

Ljubin¹,

KruzicVladimira²,

Vilibic³

et al. 2006

The Journal of Men's Health & Gender

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“…In Slovenia, the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection among asymptomatic sexually active young (18–24 years) adults is substantial, amounting to 4.7% in both genders [6], while the prevalence of asymptomatic chlamydial urethritis among a group of military recruits (mean age, 19.8 years) from the Celje region was 2.6%[7]. However, little information is available regarding the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection among patients attending STD clinics for medical care in Slovenia.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Genital Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection By Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydia trachomatis infections in heterosexuals attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in Slovenia

Keše

Matičič

Potočnik

2005

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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This study assessed the age and gender distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis infections among patients attending two clinics for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in Slovenia. Between January 1999 and December 2003, 1714 heterosexual male and 892 heterosexual female patients were tested for C. trachomatis. The prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was 19.5% (n = 334) for male patients and 10.7% (n = 96) for female patients, with the highest prevalence in the group aged 15-30 years. The prevalence decreased between 2000 and 2003 among female patients. The results support the implementation of routine screening for C. trachomatis genital infection among male and female patients aged < 30 years attending STD clinics in Slovenia.

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“…Studies conducted in the Armed Forces of Poland 12 , Estonia 13 , Brazil 14 , Israel 15 , Slovenia 16 and the United States of America 17 , shown that CTI is common within military population. High rates of CTI among military population generate significant healthcare costs in the armies 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection among military personnel of the Armed Forces of Serbia: A cross-sectional study

et al. 2019

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Background/Aim. Chlamydia trachomatis infection (CTI) is an increasing public health problem worldwide and is the most frequent sexually transmitted infection. Studies conducted in many armed forces worldwide showed that CTI is common within military population and generate significant healthcare costs. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of CTI among members of the Serbian Armed Forces (SAF) and to determine risk factors for this infection. Methods. The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey and consisted of completing a questionnaire and chlamydial testing. The questionnaire was divided into two question groups: one was about demographic/service related characteristics and the other was about behavioral patterns/habits. Chlamydia trachomatis real time polymerase chain reaction (Real-TM PCR) was used for detection of pathogen genome specific sequence in the male urethral swabs and in the female endocervical swabs. All data collected were used to compare military personnel with and without CTI. Risk factors independently associated with CTI were identified by the stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis (MLRA) of variables selected by the univariate logistic regression analysis (ULRA), with a limit for entering and removing variables from the model at 0.05. Results. The overall prevalence of CTI was 55 of 356 respondents (15.4%; 95% CI 0.5-2.7%). The ULRA identified that CTI was significantly associated with several characteristics: number of sexual partners during previous year (p = 0.008), knowledge about symptoms of CTI (p = 0.035), tattooing (p = 0.035) and married or in stable relationship (p = 0.022). The MLRA revealed that number of different sexual partners during last year was independent risk factor of CTI (p = 0.026; OR : 0.344; 95% CI: 0.13-0.88). Conclusion. CTI is significant problem in male and female military personnel in the SAF. The number of different sexual partners during previous year was independently associated with CTI. These finding indicates that screening for CTI should be undertaken in the SAF, to reduce rates of CTI in the SAF and to prevent morbidity due to this infection.

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Prevalence of asymptomatic chlamydial urethritis in military recruits in the Celje region, Slovenia

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Croatian symptomatic and asymptomatic men

Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Croatian symptomatic and asymptomatic men

Chlamydia trachomatis infections in heterosexuals attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in Slovenia

Prevalence and risk factors of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection among military personnel of the Armed Forces of Serbia: A cross-sectional study

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