Prevalence ofEhrlichia ewingiiinAmblyomma americanumin North Carolina

Wolf, Leslie A.; McPherson, Todd; Harrison, Bruce A.; Engber, Barry; Anderson, Alice L.; Whitt, Parker B.

doi:10.1128/jcm.38.7.2795-2795.2000

Cited by 49 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Compared to E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii-infected ticks were more widespread in southeastern Nebraska, found in three sites (Indian Cave SP, Schramm Park SRA, and Table Rock SWMA). Tick infection rates between 2 and 2.9% were within the boundaries of other reported ranges (Wolf et al, 2000;Steiert and Gilfoy, 2002;Mixson et al, 2006;Cohen et al, 2010;Killmaster et al, 2014). "B. lonestari"-positive ticks were found in three sites (Indian Cave SP, Kinters Ford SWMA, and Schramm Park SRA) and infection rates within positive sites ranged between 1 and 6%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Note on Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii, and “Borrelia lonestari” infection in lone star ticks (Acari: Ixodidae), Nebraska, USA

Maegli

Loy

Cortinas

2016

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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The lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae), is established in southeastern Nebraska yet the prevalence of tick-associated microorganisms is not known. An initial PCR-based analysis for Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii, and Borrelia infection in host-seeking adult ticks collected in southeast Nebraska was conducted. A total of 251 adult ticks collected in six sites in southeast Nebraska were tested. E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii, and Borrelia spp. were present, and the prevalence of each was approximately 1.6%. This study demonstrates that Ehrlichia spp. are present in Nebraska lone star tick populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Note on Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii, and “Borrelia lonestari” infection in lone star ticks (Acari: Ixodidae), Nebraska, USA

Maegli

Loy

Cortinas

2016

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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“…A. americanum is a geographically expanding tick species (2) that is involved in transmission of multiple human and animal disease agents. In public health, A. americanum is the principal vector for Ehrlichia chaffensis , the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (3), and E. ewingii, which also causes ehrlichiosis, referred to as human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (4–6). This tick also transmits Francisella tularensis, the causative agent for tularemia (7, 8), a yet to be described disease agent, suspected as Borrelia lonestari, which causes Lyme disease-like symptoms referred to as southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI) (9, 10) and also an E. ruminantium- like organism referred to as the Panola Mountain Ehrlichia (PME) (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-resolved proteomic profile ofAmblyomma americanumtick saliva during feeding

Kim

Tirloni

Pinto

et al. 2019

Preprint

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24Amblyomma americanum ticks transmit more than a third of human tick-borne disease 25 (TBD) agents in the United States. Tick saliva proteins are critical to success of ticks as vectors 26 of TBD agents, and thus might serve as targets in tick antigen-based vaccines to prevent TBD 27 infections. We describe a systems biology approach to identify, by LC-MS/MS, saliva proteins 28 (tick=1182, rabbit=335) that A. americanum ticks likely inject into the host every 24 h during the 29 first 8 days of feeding, and towards the end of feeding using two different sample preparation 30 approaches (in-gel and in-solution). The in-gel approach determined molecular identification of 31 predominant protein bands in tick saliva, and the in-solution added depth to discovery of 32 proteins. Searching against entries in GenBank grouped tick and rabbit proteins in this study into 33 27 and 25 functional categories. Aside from housekeeping-like proteins, majority of tick saliva 34 proteins belong to the tick-specific (no homology to non-tick organisms: 32%), protease 35 inhibitors (13%), proteases (8%), glycine-rich proteins (6%) and lipocalins (4%) categories.36 Global secretion dynamics analysis suggests that majority (74%) of proteins in this study are 37 associated with regulating initial tick feeding functions and transmission of pathogens as they are 38 secreted within 24-48 h of tick attachment. Comparative analysis of the A. americanum tick 39 saliva proteome to five other tick saliva proteomes identified 284 conserved tick saliva proteins:40 we speculate that these regulate critical tick feeding functions and might serve as tick vaccine 41 antigens. We discuss our findings in the context of understanding A. americanum tick feeding 42 physiology as a means through which we can find effective targets for a vaccine against tick 43 feeding. 44 45 3 46 Author Summary 47The lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, is a medically important species in US that 48 transmits 5 of the 16 reported tick-borne disease agents. Most recently, bites of this tick were 49 associated with red meat allergies in humans. Vaccination of animals against tick feeding has 50 been shown to be a sustainable and effective alternative to current acaricide based tick control 51 method which has several limitations. The pre-requisite to tick vaccine development is to 52 understand the molecular basis of tick feeding physiology. Toward this goal, this study has 53 identified proteins that A. americanum ticks inject into the host at different phases of its feeding 54 cycle. This data set has identified proteins that A. americanum inject into the host within 24-48 h 55 of feeding before it starts to transmit pathogens. Of high importance, we identified 284 proteins 56 that are present in saliva of other tick species, which we suspect regulate important role(s) in tick 57 feeding success and might represent rich source target antigens for a tick vaccine. Overall, this 58 study provides a foundation to understand the molecular mechanisms regulating tick feeding 59 p...

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“…In the United States, E. chaffeensis and E. ewingii are primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum), which is distributed throughout the southeastern and south-central United States. 3,4 The western black-legged tick (Ixodes pacificus) and the American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) are also known to be infected with these agents, but their role in transmission of the pathogen to humans is not well-defined. 5,6 Transmission of A. phagocytophilum to humans in the United States occurs through the bite of the black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis) in the eastern states and through the bite of the western blacklegged tick (Ixodes pacificus) in the western states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Human Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis in the United States, 2001–2002

Demma

Holman

McQuiston

et al. 2005

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

118

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During 2001 through 2002, 1,176 cases of the tick-borne diseases human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) and human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) by 32 states through the National Electronic Telecommunications System for Surveillance. The average reported annual incidences for HME and HGA during 2001-2002 were 0.6 and 1.4 cases per million population, respectively; incidence was highest among men > 60 years of age. During this same interval, a total of 883 cases of HME and HGA were reported to CDC through a passive surveillance system of tick-borne disease case report forms (CRFs). The surveillance information retrieved from CRFs has allowed for qualitative evaluation of ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis risk factors, severity, and diagnostic accuracy. Although these surveillance systems likely substantially under-represent the true burden of ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in the United States due to poor recognition and reporting, they represent the first compilation of national data since these diseases were made nationally notifiable. Continued and improved surveillance activities will progressively reinforce our understanding and awareness of these newly recognized zoonotic infections.

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Prevalence ofEhrlichia ewingiiinAmblyomma americanumin North Carolina

Cited by 49 publications

References 9 publications

Note on Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii, and “Borrelia lonestari” infection in lone star ticks (Acari: Ixodidae), Nebraska, USA

Note on Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii, and “Borrelia lonestari” infection in lone star ticks (Acari: Ixodidae), Nebraska, USA

Time-resolved proteomic profile ofAmblyomma americanumtick saliva during feeding

Epidemiology of Human Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis in the United States, 2001–2002

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