Prevalence of Bacterial Species in Skin, Urine, Diarrheal Stool, and Respiratory Samples in Cats

Moon, Dong Chan; Choi, Ji-Hyun; Boby, Naila; Kim, Su-Jeong; Song, Haa‐Na; Park, Ho Sung; Gil, Min-Chan; Yoon, Sang-Hyub; Lim, Suk-Kyung

doi:10.3390/pathogens11030324

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Isolation and identification of E . coli were performed as described in our previous reports [ 51 , 52 ]. Briefly, swab samples were streaked on Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, NV, USA) and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Then, three suspected colonies were sub-cultured on MacConkey agar plates (MAC, BD, Spark, Baltimore, MD, USA) and incubated overnight at 37 ℃ for 24 h. Isolates were then confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF, Biomerieux, Marcy L’Etoile, France).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Dogs and Cats in South Korea

et al. 2023

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Overall, 836 Escherichia coli isolates (695 isolates from dogs and 141 from cats) were recovered from the diarrhea, skin/ear, urine, and genitals of dogs and cats between 2018 and 2019. Cefovecin and enrofloxacin resistance were noted in 17.1% and 21.2% of E. coli isolates, respectively. The cefovecin and enrofloxacin resistance rates were higher in dog isolates (18.1% and 22.9%) compared with the rates in cat isolates (12.1%, 12.8%). Interestingly, resistance to both antimicrobials was noted in 10.8% (90/836) of the isolates, predominantly in isolates from dogs. blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, and blaCMY-2 were the most frequent extended-spectrum β-lactamase/plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase (ESBL/AmpC)- gene types. The co-existence of blaCTX-M andblaCMY-2 was noted in six E. coli isolates from dogs. Sequencing analysis demonstrated that S83L and D87N in gyrA and S80I in parC were the most frequent point mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of the cefovecin and enrofloxacin-resistant isolates. A total of 11 isolates from dogs carried the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (six aac(6’)-Ib-cr, four qnrS, and one qnrB), while only two cat isolates carried the qnrS gene. Multilocus sequence typing of the cefovecin and enrofloxacin-resistant isolates revealed that sequence type (ST)131 E. coli carrying blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-15 genes and ST405 E. coli carrying blaCMY-2 gene were predominant among the isolated E. coli strains. The majority of the ESBL/AmpC-producing isolates displayed diverse pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles. This study demonstrated that third-generation cephalosporin- and fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli were widely distributed in companion animals. The detection of the pandemic ST131 clone carrying blaCTX-M-14/15 in companion animals presented a public health threat.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Dogs and Cats in South Korea

et al. 2023

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“…In recent years, the growing demand for companion animals, influenced by changes in population structure and lifestyle [1], has propelled the rapid development of the pet industry [2]. Pets, particularly dogs, have assumed an important role in families due to the physiological and psychological companionship they offer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baicalin Exhibits a Protective Effect against Cisplatin-Induced Cytotoxic Damage in Canine Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Wang,

Li,

Yan

et al. 2023

Metabolites

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Renal failure is a common chronic disease in dogs that substantially affects both their quality of life and longevity. The objective of this study was to assess the protective mechanisms of baicalin in cisplatin-induced Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells’ apoptosis model and explore the impacts of baicalin at varying doses on various indexes, such as cisplatin-induced MDCK cell apoptosis, oxidation and antioxidation, and inflammatory factors. (Methods) MDCK cells in the logarithmic growth phase were randomly divided into a control group, a model group (20 μmol/L cisplatin), and a baicalin-protection group (20 μmol/L cisplatin + 50, 25 μmol/L baicalin) and received the corresponding treatments for 24 h. The effects of cisplatin on MDCK cell apoptosis, oxidation and antioxidation, inflammatory factors, and other indicators were studied, and the relieving effect of baicalin on cisplatin-induced MDCK cell damage was explored. Calcein/PI staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining showed that cisplatin induced the apoptosis of MDCK cells, while baicalin effectively reduced the damage caused by cisplatin. The ELISA results demonstrated a significant elevation in the nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels within the MDCK cells following treatment with cisplatin (p < 0.01). In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH), and catalase (CAT) activities remarkably declined (p < 0.01), while tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression within the MDCK cells were apparently elevated (p < 0.01). However, baicalin treatment resulted in opposite changes in these factors. The findings suggested that baicalin exhibits potential in mitigating cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in MDCK cells. As revealed with the Western blot results, cisplatin promoted P62, P53, and BAX protein levels, increased mTOR phosphorylation, inhibited AMPK phosphorylation, and reduced Beclin1 and BCL-2 protein levels. However, a contrasting trend was observed following baicalin treatment. Cisplatin can inhibit the activity of MDCK cells, lead to abnormalities in oxidation and antioxidation functions and cell inflammatory factors, and accelerate cell apoptosis. Moreover, baicalin can significantly alleviate the damage of cisplatin to MDCK cells.

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“…Bacterial or fungal infection of the skin (pyoderma) and external ear canal (otitis externa), parasitic infestation, and neoplasia account for the majority of dermatological cases (1,2). Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (S. pseudintermedius) causes most pyodermas in dogs (3)(4)(5) and S. aureus in cats (6)(7)(8)(9). Other less common infection-causing bacteria are Staphylococcus felis (S. felis) (in cats), Staphylococcus schleiferi (S. schleiferi), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Corynebacterium spp., and Streptococcus canis (S. canis) (4,(7)(8)(9)(10)(11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (S. pseudintermedius) causes most pyodermas in dogs (3)(4)(5) and S. aureus in cats (6)(7)(8)(9). Other less common infection-causing bacteria are Staphylococcus felis (S. felis) (in cats), Staphylococcus schleiferi (S. schleiferi), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Corynebacterium spp., and Streptococcus canis (S. canis) (4,(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). The scientific and medical community pays special attention to methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) and S. aureus (MRSA) due to their potential impact on the health of animals and people (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromogenic culture media complements diagnostic cytology in the visual identification of pathogenic skin bacteria in dogs and cats

Avberšek¹,

Ihssen²,

Faccio³

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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In dogs and cats, bacterial skin infections (pyoderma and otitis externa) are a common cause for visiting the veterinary clinic. The most frequent skin pathogens are Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, often requiring different therapeutic antibiotic protocols. Unfavorably, existing diagnostics based on cytology cannot reveal bacterial species but only bacterial shapes such as cocci or rods. This microscopic limitation could be overcome by clinical translation of affordable chromogenic media, which enable species identification based on bacterial colonies growing in different colors and sizes. In this study, we determined how well inexperienced general veterinary clinicians identified bacterial pathogens from the skin and ears on two commercial (Chromatic™ MH and Flexicult® Vet) and one custom-made Mueller Hinton agar-based chromogenic medium. For this purpose, four veterinarians evaluated 100 unique samples representing 10 bacterial species. On average, clinicians correctly identified between 72.1 and 86.3% of bacterial species. Colony colors developed quickly on the Chromatic™ MH medium, leading to the highest 81.6% identification accuracy after 24 h incubation. However, Flexicult® Vet exhibited the highest accuracy of 86.3% after prolonged 48 h incubation. Evaluators easily recognized bacteria displaying uniquely colored colonies like green-brown Pseudomonas aeruginosa, blue Enterococcus faecalis, orange-brown Proteus spp., and red Escherichia coli. Oppositely, staphylococci shared uncharacteristically pale pink colonies causing misidentifications among the genus, deteriorating overall accuracy by around 10 percentage points (from 90.9%). Another reason for identification errors was the evaluators’ inexperience, reflected in not recognizing colony size differences. For example, although Streptococcus canis exhibited the tiniest colonies, the species was frequently mistaken for other cocci. Finally, around 10% of errors were negligence-related slips due to unconsidered sample history. To conclude, the introduction of chromogenic media into veterinary clinics can significantly complement diagnostics in skin inflammations by identifying pathogen species in around 80% of cases. The extra information may help in therapeutic dilemmas on antibiotics and standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Additional personnel training and evaluation help by visuals, flowcharts, checklists, and, if necessary, microbiologists could further improve identification accuracy.

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Prevalence of Bacterial Species in Skin, Urine, Diarrheal Stool, and Respiratory Samples in Cats

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Prevalence and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Dogs and Cats in South Korea

Prevalence and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Dogs and Cats in South Korea

Baicalin Exhibits a Protective Effect against Cisplatin-Induced Cytotoxic Damage in Canine Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Chromogenic culture media complements diagnostic cytology in the visual identification of pathogenic skin bacteria in dogs and cats

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