Prevalence of Blatem, Blashv, and Blactx-M Genes Among Esbl-Producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Escherichia Coli Isolated From Thalassemia in Erbil, Iraq

Abstract

Due to the recent appearance of organisms that are resistant to several drugs (multidrug-resistant) like Enterobacteriaceae that produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL, concerns have remarkably increased regarding the suitable treatment of infections. The present study was an investigation into ESBL molecular characteristics among clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli resulting in UTIs and their pattern of antimicrobial resistance in order to come up with helpful information on the epidemiology of these infections and risk factors accompanied with them. In order to conduct the study, 20 K. pneumoniae and 48 E. coli were isolated and retrieved from thalassemia center in Erbil, Iraq during July 2016 and September 2016. The collected strains were analyzed and the profile of their antimicrobial susceptibility was specified. In order to spot β-lactamase genes (i.e. blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M), polymerase chain reaction was conducted. The results obtained from multiplex PCR assay showed that out of the collected strains of ESBL-producing E. coli, 37 had 81% blaTEM, 16.2% blaSHV, and 32.4% blaCTX-M genes. Similarly, 64.7% blaTEM, 35.2% blaSHV, and 41.1% blaCTX-M genes existed in the isolates of K. pneumoniae. It was found that antibiotic resistance pattern of E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates to 20 antibiotics varied widely. It was also concluded that the majority of the K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Moreover, 75% and 87.5% of respectively K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolates showed the MDR phenotypes. TEM prevalence was high among other types of ESBLs. Over all, the most active antimicrobial agents in vitro remained to be the carbapenems.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Detection of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase production by Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Different Clinical Samples in Baghdad, Iraq

“…Locally, the findings of this study were consistent with those of a study in Najaf City 13 that used PCR methods and reported that 60.1% of the isolated K. pneumoniae carried CTX-M genes. In another study in Erbil City, the ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae showed a lower resistance rate than those obtained in this study, with 64.7% harboring blaTEM ESBL genes while 41.1% harboring the blaCTX-M genes 14 . Another study performed in Najaf City focused on studying ESBL genotypic patterns among patients with urinary tract infections without kidney disease and those with chronic kidney disease.…”

Detection of CTX-M gene in extended spectrum β-lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from bovine milk

“…Yet, plasmids including ESBL may also carry other different types of antibiotic resistance genes, which make the options of treatment very limited for ESBL producing bacteria (7). In Iraq, many studies have been carried out related to the detection of ESBL mainly in humans (11,12). However, Al-Sharook and Hassan (13) referred to successful isolation of ESBL E. coli in broilers.…”

First Detection of the Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Determinants qnrB, qnrS and aac(6’)-Ib-cr in Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases-producing Klebsiella pneumonia in Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire

“…No. 14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,23,25 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 positives isolates for aac(6')-Ib-cr gene; lane 2: negative isolate for aac(6')-Ib-cr gene ), C) PCR amplification of qnrS gene, showing single band at 388 bp (lanes No. 6 and 11: positives isolates for qnrS gene; lanes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12 and 13…”