Prevalence of bluetongue virus infection and associated risk factors among cattle in North Kordufan State, Western Sudan

Adam, Ibrahim; Abdalla, M. A.; Mohamed, Mohamed E. H.; Aradaib, Imadeldin E.

doi:10.1186/1746-6148-10-94

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In addition, Kassala state shares long international borders with Eritrea with no strict restriction on animals' movement across the borders which may allow introduction of infected animals into the localities. Similar high seroprevalence of BTV infection in various animal species was reported in several states in Sudan [ 28 , 29 , 31 , 36 , 39 ] and in countries around or near Sudan such as Libya (48.4%) [ 44 ]; Egypt (16.9%) [ 45 ]; Ethiopia (30.6%) [ 42 ]; and Saudi Arabia (47.3%) [ 46 ]. In addition, earlier epizootiological surveys also showed high prevalence rates for BTV seropositivity in Iran (93.5%) and Southern Turkey (88%) [ 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…In Sudan, an early serological survey showed that BT infection is generally widespread among all domestic ruminants [ 27 ]. Subsequent serological surveys for BTV group-specific antibodies further confirmed the widespread nature of the infection in various parts of the country [ 28 , 29 , 31 , 36 , 39 ]. The present study showed that the overall seroprevalence of BTV group-specific antibodies in sheep and goats in Kassala state was substantially higher than previously recorded in other regions of Sudan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Serological Investigations of Bluetongue Virus (BTV) among Sheep and Goats in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan

Elmahi

Karrar

Elhassan

et al. 2020

Veterinary Medicine International

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Bluetongue (BT) is an infectious, noncontagious, vector-borne viral disease of wild and domestic ruminants. BTV is a member of the Orbivirus genus of the family Reoviridae. The present study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of BTV in sheep and goats in Kassala State, Sudan. It also aimed to determine risk factors associated with BTV infection. The study was carried out by a structured questionnaire survey, and a total of 809 serum samples were collected from sheep (n = 459) and goats (n = 350) from 9 different localities in Kassala state. These samples were analyzed using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for the detection of BTV antibodies. The overall seroprevalence of BTV was 91.2% (738/809). In goats, the prevalence of BTV antibodies was comparatively higher (100%) than in sheep (84.5%). The prevalence differed between localities and was the highest in the center section of Kassala and Western Kassala (100%). Animals aged 6–11 months were highly infected (93.9%) compared to 1-year-old (85.5%). Caprine species was more likely to be infected (100%) than ovine (84.5%), and females were highly infected (92.8%) than males (85.5%). BTV infections were higher in the winter season (91.4%). Risk factors that showed significant associations with cELISA positivity included locality and sex (p≤0.003) and species and age (p≤0.000). Factors significantly associated with cELISA positivity in multivariate analysis were localities, species, age, and sex. BTV infection is prevalent in sheep and goat populations in Kassala state.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Serological Investigations of Bluetongue Virus (BTV) among Sheep and Goats in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan

Elmahi

Karrar

Elhassan

et al. 2020

Veterinary Medicine International

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“…This is not surprising, because older cattle have had more time for exposure to BTV than younger animals. Studies in other countries have also shown higher seroprevalence in older cattle (17,18,19,20,21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Serosurveillance and factors associated with the presence of antibodies against bluetongue virus in dairy cattle in two eco-zones of Nepal

Gaire¹,

Karki²,

Dhakal³

et al. 2016

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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Cattle play an important role in the epidemiology of bluetongue (BT) by acting as reservoir hosts. However, the status of BT virus (BTV) in dairy cattle in Nepal is unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of BTV antibodies in dairy cattle in two eco-zones of Nepal, and to identify the factors associated with virus exposure. The authors conducted a cross-sectional serosurvey from March 2012 through February 2013 by sampling 131 dairy cattle from seven clusters (villages) in the Chitwan district in the Terai region (southern lowlands) and the Lamjung district in the Hills region (the middle part of Nepal). Of the 131 serum samples tested, 29.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.5-37.2) were positive for BTV antibodies. Herd-level seroprevalence was 45.7% (95% CI: 30.9-61.0). Bivariate analysis indicated a positive association between seroconversion to BTV and age, and an association with breed of cattle after controlling for clustering of animals within herds. Based on this model, cattle were more likely to become seropositive as they aged. Crossbred cattle were more likely to be seropositive than those of exotic breeds (odds ratio [OR] = 4.6; 95% CI: 1.5-14.1). The results indicate widespread exposure of dairy cattle to BTV in Nepal. The authors suggest that dairy cattle should be included in the surveillance plan for BTV infection in Nepal and that it is important to educate farmers about the possible impacts of this disease.

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“…This is the first cross‐sectional study conducted in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. Previous serological studies have reported apparent or test prevalence in Pakistan (Adam, Abdalla, Mohamed, & Aradaib, ; Akhtar et al., , ; Oryan, Amrabadi, & Mohagheghzadeh, ); nevertheless, considering the high sensitivity (100%, CI = 99.49%–100%) and specificity (100%, CI = 99.84%–100%) of the cELISA assay as provided by the manufacturer (https://www.id-vet.com/produit/id-screen-bluetongue-competition/) and apparent prevalence, we presented true prevalence of BTV through Rogan–Gladen estimator (Rogan & Gladen, ). Because vaccination for BT is not being practiced in Pakistan, the results presented in this study clearly indicate the presence of either current BTV infection or natural exposure in the past.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Virus in small ruminants in Balochistan province, Pakistan

Sohail

Yaqub

Shafee

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Bluetongue (BT), caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), is a vector-borne disease of small ruminants that has the potential to spread across international borders. Despite large populations of susceptible animals and borders with BTV endemic countries, little is known of the disease burden and prevalent serotypes in the province of Balochistan in Pakistan. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine seroconversion and prevalent serotypes in selected districts of the province using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Sera (n = 876) were collected from clinically healthy sheep and goats originating from the districts of Quetta (n = 300), Mastung (n = 201), Killa Saifullah (n = 75) and Kech (n = 300). None of the study herds (n = 97) were seronegative for BTV, and at the individual level, the overall prevalence of BTV seroconversion was 47.26% (n = 414/876, 95% CI = 43.92%-50.63%). A higher percentage of goats (50.87%, 95% CI = 45.99%-55.73%) were seropositive for anti-VP7 immunoglobulins (IgG) than sheep (44.21%, 95% CI = 39.81%-48.70%). Odds ratios of seroconversion for goats were associated with breed type (χ = 16.84, p = .01), parity (χ = 23.66, p = .00) and presence of vector (χ = 2.63, p = .10), whereas for sheep, it was associated with breed type (χ = 13.80, p = .01) and parity (χ = 53.40, p = .00). Serotype 8 was the most prevalent (26.82%, 95% CI = 14.75%-43.21%) followed by an equal prevalence of serotypes 2 and 9 (7.31%, 95% CI = 1.91%-21.01%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted in Balochistan province and the results indicate that there is a necessity to initiate intervention strategies to control BT disease burden not only in this region of Pakistan but also in adjacent areas of the neighbouring countries, Iran and Afghanistan.

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Prevalence of bluetongue virus infection and associated risk factors among cattle in North Kordufan State, Western Sudan

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

Serological Investigations of Bluetongue Virus (BTV) among Sheep and Goats in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan

Serological Investigations of Bluetongue Virus (BTV) among Sheep and Goats in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan

Serosurveillance and factors associated with the presence of antibodies against bluetongue virus in dairy cattle in two eco-zones of Nepal

Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Virus in small ruminants in Balochistan province, Pakistan

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