Prevalence of Brachyspira pilosicoli and “Brachyspira canis” in dogs and their association with diarrhoea

Hidalgo, Álvaro; Rubio, Pedro; Osorio, Jesús; Carvajal, Ana

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.05.016

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…(Hackett and Lappin, 2003), calicivirus (Mochizuki et al, 1993), norovirus (Martella et al, 2008), C. difficile (Berry and Levett, 1986), E. coli (Sancak et al, 2004), Brachyspira spp. (Hidalgo et al, 2010) and Isospora and Cryptosporidium spp. (Batchelor et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case–control study of pathogen and lifestyle risk factors for diarrhoea in dogs

Stavisky

Radford

Gaskell

et al. 2011

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Diarrhoea is a common and multi-factorial condition in dogs, the aetiology of which is often incompletely understood. A case-control study was carried out to compare the carriage of some common canine enteric pathogens (enteric coronavirus, parvovirus, distemper, endoparasites, Campylobacter and Salmonella spp.), as well as lifestyle factors such as vaccination history, diet and contact with other species, in dogs presenting at first opinion veterinary practices with and without diarrhoea. Multivariable conditional logistic regression showed that dogs in the study which scavenged or had had a recent change of diet (OR 3.5, p=0.002), had recently stayed in kennels (OR 9.5, p=0.01), or were fed a home-cooked diet (OR 4, p=0.002) were at a significantly greater risk of diarrhoea, whilst being female (OR 0.4, p=0.01), currently up to date with routine vaccinations (OR 0.4, p=0.05) and having contact with horse faeces (OR 0.4, p=0.06) were associated with a reduced risk. None of the pathogens tested for was a significant factor in the final multivariable model suggesting that in this predominantly vaccinated population, diarrhoea may be more associated with lifestyle risk factors than specific pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case–control study of pathogen and lifestyle risk factors for diarrhoea in dogs

Stavisky

Radford

Gaskell

et al. 2011

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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“…Thus, B. alvinipulli , B. intermedia and B. pilosicoli are considered to cause diarrhoea, reduced egg production and faecal staining of eggshells in chickens [1]. Additionally, B. pilosicoli causes spirochaetal diarrhoea in swine and has been associated with diarrhoea in a variety of mammalian hosts, such as humans, non-human primates, dogs and horses [2–4]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Identification of “Brachyspira hampsonii” in Wild European Waterfowl

et al. 2013

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Anseriformes deserve special attention in the epidemiology of Brachyspira spp. because diverse Anseriformes species have been described to act as highly efficient carriers of several Brachyspira spp. that can also infect livestock. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and diversity of Brachyspira spp. in waterfowl that winter in Spain. Brachyspira spp. were isolated from 51 of the 205 faecal samples collected from graylag geese and mallards in the Villafáfila Lagoons Nature Reserve (Northwestern Spain). The Brachyspira species identified through phenotyping, PCR and sequencing of the nox gene were B. pilosicoli (5.9%), B. alvinipulli (11.8%), "B. hampsonii" (19.6%), B. murdochii (23.5%) and B. innocens (39.2%). The most relevant finding of this study is the description of "B. hampsonii" in specimens from birds for the first time. Phylogenetic analysis of the nox gene sequences grouped all of the obtained "B. hampsonii" isolates into a cluster with Brachyspira strains previously identified by others as "B. hampsonii" and separated from other Brachyspira spp. isolates and reference strains. Additionally, this cluster was related to clades that grouped B. murdochii and B. innocens isolates. The identification of “B. hampsonii” was also achieved in 8 of the 10 isolates by sequencing the16S rRNA gene and tlyA gene. Regardless of the species identified, no antimicrobial resistance was observed in any of the enteropathogenic isolates recovered. This is the first description of “B. hampsonii” in European waterfowl, which might represent hosts that serve as natural reservoirs of this Brachyspira species. This finding indicates that this spirochete is not limited to North America, and its presence in wild birds in Europe poses a risk of transmission to livestock.

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“…Subsequently, all species from the genus Serpulina were reassigned to the genus Brachyspira, and S. pilosicoli was renamed Brachyspira pilosicoli (27). Around the same time, B. pilosicoli was demonstrated colonizing wild ducks (29), domesticated turkeys (30), pheasants (31), rodents (32), dogs (33)(34)(35), young horses with chronic diarrhea (36), and a number of species of other animals and birds (37).…”

Section: History and Nomenclaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The Spirochete Brachyspira pilosicoli, Enteric Pathogen of Animals and Humans

Hampson

2018

Clin Microbiol Rev

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SUMMARY Brachyspira pilosicoli is a slow-growing anaerobic spirochete that colonizes the large intestine. Colonization occurs commonly in pigs and adult chickens, causing colitis/typhlitis, diarrhea, poor growth rates, and reduced production. Colonization of humans also is common in some populations (individuals living in village and peri-urban settings in developing countries, recent immigrants from developing countries, homosexual males, and HIV-positive patients), but the spirochete rarely is investigated as a potential human enteric pathogen. In part this is due to its slow growth and specialized growth requirements, meaning that it is not detectable in human fecal samples using routine diagnostic methods. Nevertheless, it has been identified histologically attached to the colon and rectum in patients with conditions such as chronic diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and/or nonspecific abdominal discomfort, and one survey of Australian Aboriginal children showed that colonization was significantly associated with failure to thrive. B. pilosicoli has been detected in the bloodstream of elderly patients or individuals with chronic conditions such as alcoholism and malignancies. This review describes the spirochete and associated diseases. It aims to encourage clinicians and clinical microbiologists to consider B. pilosicoli in their differential diagnoses and to develop and use appropriate diagnostic protocols to identify the spirochete in clinical specimens.

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Prevalence of Brachyspira pilosicoli and “Brachyspira canis” in dogs and their association with diarrhoea

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

A case–control study of pathogen and lifestyle risk factors for diarrhoea in dogs

A case–control study of pathogen and lifestyle risk factors for diarrhoea in dogs

First Identification of “Brachyspira hampsonii” in Wild European Waterfowl

The Spirochete Brachyspira pilosicoli, Enteric Pathogen of Animals and Humans

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