Prevalence of Brucellosis in Human Population of District Swat, Pakistan

Ahmad, Hussain; Inamullah, Inamullah; Ali, Ijaz; Ahmad, Tauseef; Tufail, Muhammad; Ahmad, Kabir; Murtaza, Bibi Nazia

doi:10.17582/journal.pjz/2017.49.1.sc11

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The TB case burden in the two western districts (Bannu and Hangu) might be due to the presence of the large proportion of Afghan refugees in these districts as evidence from the previous study [45]. Some previous studies on TB prevalence in the individual district have also been identified the evidence of TB outbreak in our resulted most likely cluster regions Swat and Buner [11,12]. It is evident from Figure 2 and Figure 3 that the most likely TB clusters occurred each year in rural hilly areas [46], which might be due to lack of access to healthcare.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

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Space-Time Clustering Characteristics of Tuberculosis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan, 2015–2019

Ullah

Daud

Dass

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The number of tuberculosis (TB) cases in Pakistan ranks fifth in the world. The National TB Control Program (NTP) has recently reported more than 462,920 TB patients in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan from 2002 to 2017. This study aims to identify spatial and space-time clusters of TB cases in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province Pakistan during 2015–2019 to design effective interventions. The spatial and space-time cluster analyses were conducted at the district-level based on the reported TB cases from January 2015 to April 2019 using space-time scan statistics (SaTScan). The most likely spatial and space-time clusters were detected in the northern rural part of the province. Additionally, two districts in the west were detected as the secondary space-time clusters. The most likely space-time cluster shows a tendency of spread toward the neighboring districts in the central part, and the most likely spatial cluster shows a tendency of spread toward the neighboring districts in the south. Most of the space-time clusters were detected at the start of the study period 2015–2016. The potential TB clusters in the remote rural part might be associated to the dry–cool climate and lack of access to the healthcare centers in the remote areas.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Several epidemiological studies on TB have been previously conducted in different districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. These studies focused on the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors analysis of TB within a specific district.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space-Time Clustering Characteristics of Tuberculosis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan, 2015–2019

Ullah

Daud

Dass

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…The same could be expected for sheep and goat milk. Human brucellosis has been reported (3.6-21.7%) in the country depending upon the exposure level, region and type of the diagnostic tool used [32,34,35,[51][52][53][54]. Thus, brucellosis in animals will remain a continuous public health significant threat-if not controlled.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Brucellosis in Small Ruminants of Western Border Areas in Pakistan

et al. 2020

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Brucellosis, globally known bacterial zoonosis, is endemic to Pakistan. B. abortus in bovines, B. melitensis in small ruminants and B. canis in dogs mainly cause this disease. A total of 1821 sera (1196 from sheep and 625 from goats) from animal herds near the Pakistan–Afghanistan border were collected. In parallel testing of sera for anti-Brucella antibodies (B. abortus and B. melitensis) was carried out by RBPT and indirect ELISA. The presence of Brucella DNA in sera was tested by real-time PCR. The overall percentage of seropositive samples was 0.99 (18/1821) by both tests. All positive samples originated from Baluchistan territory which translated into 1.76% (18/1021). None of the positive sera had signals for Brucella DNA and none of sera from goats carried detectable antibodies. Both tests showed an almost perfect agreement with Kappa statistics. The flock size was found to be associated with the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies. The samples of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) tested negative in both serological tests and hence were not processed for real-time PCR. The present study shows the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies in sheep in the Baluchistan region of Pakistan. Diagnostic services need to be improved and test and slaughter policies might be implemented for eradication of Brucella infection in these areas. Awareness about the infection is needed at the farmer’s level. Isolation and molecular biology of the isolates could help with understanding the prevailing etiology in a better way.

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“…In the current study, the seropre valence of the human population was 5.66% and 3.66% by SPAT and RBPT respectively while Ahmad has presented 2.66% positive results of human brucellosis in district Swat [21]. The current results are slightly higher than reported data, which may be due to the targeted population as we diagnosed the animal keepers who are at high risk (humans with close contact with animals) while the referenced study shows the prevalence of the general human population of district Swat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Seroepidemiological Analysis of Brucellosis in Goat and Household Animal Keepers of District Swat

Islam

Rahman²,

Islam

et al. 2022

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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B RUCELLOSIS is a chronic bacterial infection that can infect a variety of animal species and humans. The disease has been studied in many parts of the world including Pakistan, however, caprine brucellosis has not been well reported and very few studies are published at the national level. This study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in goat and household animal keepers of district Swat Pakistan. A total of 235 blood samples were collected from goats and 53 blood samples from animal keepers following the standard protocols. All the serum samples were analyzed by the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Serum Plate Agglutination Test (SPAT) for the detection of anti-brucella antibodies. All the goat serum samples were also subjected to Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the comparison of two commonly used serological tests. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis in the goat population of district Swat was recorded as 13.61% and 16.17% while in the human population it was recorded as 3.77% and 5.66% by RBPT and SPAT respectively. A significant correlation was found between abortion and seropositivity of brucellosis in goats with a p˂0.05. By comparing RBPT and SPAT considering ELISA as a gold standard, the SPAT test showed a greater sensitivity than RBPT recorded as 82% and 80 % by SPAT and RBPT respectively. It is concluded that brucellosis is prevailing in both the goat as well as in animal keepers of district Swat. Screening of animals and awareness of the general population through mass media is recommended.

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Prevalence of Brucellosis in Human Population of District Swat, Pakistan

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Space-Time Clustering Characteristics of Tuberculosis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan, 2015–2019

Space-Time Clustering Characteristics of Tuberculosis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan, 2015–2019

Revisiting Brucellosis in Small Ruminants of Western Border Areas in Pakistan

Seroepidemiological Analysis of Brucellosis in Goat and Household Animal Keepers of District Swat

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