Prevalence of C-Shaped Canals in Anterior and Posterior Teeth of Iranian Population Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Abstract

Background: Lack of knowledge of root anatomy is the second most common reason for failed endodontic therapy. Therefore, acquiring knowledge about it leads to a more effective treatment. C-shaped canal is an anatomical variation that causes clinical challenges. The objective of this study is to determine the occurrence of the C-shaped roots in permanent anterior and posterior teeth of the Iranian population using CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) scans. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. In this study, 1408 teeth were assessed. Cranex 3D Mid was used to prepare CBCT images. Each tooth was examined in axial sections, and five different levels were identified as coronal, medium, apical, 1/3, and 2/3. The canal shapes were classified into 5 categories based on modified Melton’s method. Data were analysed using the chi-square test at a significance level of 5%in SPSS version 24.0. Results: In total, of 1408 teeth which were evaluated, 7.81% (110) were confirmed to have C-shaped canals. The occurrence of the C-shaped canal was significantly higher in molars (P < 0.001). The occurrence of the C-shaped canal was significantly higher in mandibular teeth (10.04%) compared to maxillary teeth (5.81%) (P < 0.001). The most common C-shaped canal category was C1 (57.27%). The relationship of gender and age with the C-shaped canal occurrence was not statistically significant (P = 0.585, P = 0.562, respectively). Conclusions: CBCT is a useful tool to evaluate C-shaped root canal morphology. The high occurrence of the C-shaped canal in the Iranian population requires clinical awareness.

Prevalence of C‐shaped canals and three‐rooted mandibular molars in the Iranian population by using cone‐beam computed tomography

“…In contrast, some other studies did not find a significant difference in the distribution of C-shaped canals between males and females (Janani et al, 2018;Ostevar Rad et al, 2020). The present results were in agreement with the findings of those that did not find a significant correlation between gender and C-shaped canal configuration (Janani et al, 2018;Ostevar Rad et al, 2020).…”

“…Some studies indicated a higher frequency of C-shaped canals in females (Haddadi et al, 2019;Madani et al, 2017); while some others reported a higher frequency of C-shaped canals in males (Sarraf et al, 2022). In contrast, some other studies did not find a significant difference in the distribution of C-shaped canals between males and females (Janani et al, 2018;Ostevar Rad et al, 2020). The present results were in agreement with the findings of those that did not find a significant correlation between gender and C-shaped canal configuration (Janani et al, 2018;Ostevar Rad et al, 2020).…”

“…Although some studies emphasize that C-shaped canals are not highly common (Madani et al, 2017;Naseri et al, 2013;Rahimi et al, 2017Rahimi et al, , 2008, they are not rare to find either (Nair, 2006;Rahimi et al, 2017). Despite the availability of several studies regarding the prevalence of C-shaped canals in the Iranian population, the reported results have been conflicting (Akhlaghi et al, 2016;Haddadi et al, 2019;Janani et al, 2018;Madani et al, 2017;Rad et al, 2020;Sarraf et al, 2022;Seo et al, 2012;Tafakhori et al, 2022).…”

“…Despite the availability of several studies regarding the prevalence of C‐shaped canals in the Iranian population, the reported results have been conflicting (Akhlaghi et al, 2016 ; Haddadi et al, 2019 ; Janani et al, 2018 ; Madani et al, 2017 ; Rad et al, 2020 ; Sarraf et al, 2022 ; Seo et al, 2012 ; Tafakhori et al, 2022 ). Inconsistencies in the reported results are most likely caused by variations in statistical populations and study methodologies.…”

“…Inconsistencies in the reported results are most likely caused by variations in statistical populations and study methodologies. For example, a wide range of variation exists in the reported prevalence rates for C‐shaped canals in second molars (Haddadi et al, 2019 ; Janani et al, 2018 ; Madani et al, 2017 ; Ostevar Rad et al, 2020 ). Also, previous studies on this topic mostly had a small sample size (Akhlaghi et al, 2016 ; Janani et al, 2018 ; Madani et al, 2017 ; Sarraf et al, 2022 ; Tafakhori et al, 2022 ).…”