Prevalence of Candida among Denture Wearers and Nondenture Wearers

Abstract

Introduction: A denture wearer is highly prone to develop Candida -associated denture stomatitis (CADS) due to the conversion of the normal oral commensal Candida spp. into a pathogen under favorable conditions. Immuno-compromised status, trauma from the prosthesis, other systemic conditions, and improper maintenance of the dentures by the patient are few of the causative agents which turn the oral balance into an unhealthy and unsuitable foundation for the wearing of the prosthesis. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare subjects wearing complete dentures and nondenture wearers regarding Candida isolates associated with disease and colonization among the different age groups. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 60 subjects, 30 wearing complete dentures (Group-A) and 30 nondentures wearers (Group-B), were matched for gender, race, and age. The unstimulated saliva sample was collected and cultured in CHROMagar using standard protocols. Results: The mean value of the candidal colony-forming units with respect to Group A is Candida Albicans 0.36 ± 2.008, Candida krusei 0.27 ± 1.061, P value Group B: C. albicans 0.73 ± 2.196, C. krusei 0.36 ± 1.084. There was a significant relation between denture wearers and heavy growth of C. albicans and C. krusei in saliva culture with a P value of P-0.054 and P-0.036, respectively. Conclusions: These results indicate that denture wearers with oral Candida had a higher prevalence of CADS. Patients with removable prostheses should be informed about the importance of proper prosthesis and personal hygiene since dentures and age-related immunosuppression are both well-known risk factors associated with candidiasis development, the presence of yeast, even in healthy denture wearers, should be considered a risk factor for denture stomatitis that increases with the duration of denture use.

Denture Stomatitis and Candida albicans in the Indian Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…In terms of the publication years, the studies span from 2011 to 2022. The study protocols employed in the selected papers include prospective, cross-sectional [ 18 , 20 ], and case-control designs [ 17 , 19 ]. The sample sizes in these studies vary, with participant numbers ranging from 60 to 195 individuals.…”

“…Additionally, C. albicans was present in 25.64% of patients. Manikandan et al [ 18 ] aimed to compare C. albicans isolates in complete denture wearers and nondenture wearers across different age groups. They assessed denture status and the colony-forming units of C. albicans in saliva culture.…”

Oral Candidiasis in Adult and Pediatric Patients with COVID-19

“…Oral candidiasis (OC) is an opportunistic infection affecting the oral mucosa and arising from an increase in virulence of otherwise saprophytic yeasts of Candida species under predisposing systemic and local conditions [ 1 ]. Among them, xerostomia and unsanitized dental prostheses are the main predisposing local factors, thus exposing the elderly and denture carriers to a higher risk of OC [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The most associated extra-oral conditions are related to age (mainly children and elderly) [ 6 ], bad habits such as smoking and poor oral hygiene [ 7 , 8 ], syndromic or genetic disorders [ 9 , 10 , 11 ] iatrogenic causes (broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and the use of immunosuppressors and/or steroids) [ 12 ], and chronic and systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and immunodeficiencies [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Evaluation of red-complex bacteria loads in complete denture patients: a pilot study

“…Despite this, the use of CDs may modify the oral microbiota, with an increase in the number of oral pathogens. Overall, most studies in this field have focused on Candida as the main cause of oral disorders [ 12 – 15 ], while a much smaller number of studies have investigated the occurrence of disorders due to periodontal pathogens [ 16 , 17 ]. Among these latter, not all have used methodologies that provide sufficient evidence of a cause and effect relationship.…”