Prevalence of Candida Co-Infections among Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Emuoha, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Ndukwu, CU; Aniebo, C. Mbakwem-; Peterside, N. Frank

doi:10.9790/3008-1105036063

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…It may be assumed that some of the devastating effects of TB on infected persons might result from the synergistic actions of both organisms. A similar study [9] had a prevalence of 25.3% TB Candida co-infection and Candida albicans were the most prevalent species as also observed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…were equal in both males and females, [14] in their study found Candida infection to be more in males than in females. Similarly, [9] observed that Candida infections were significantly high in males (26.1%) than in females (23.1%). In this study, the prevalence of TB Candida co-infection was high among females (19.4%) compared to males (15.1%) and this agrees with the study conducted by [3] who observed that TB Candida co-infections were significantly high among female patients (62.5%) compared to male patients (29.4%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…isolated were 61.8%, 14.7%, 14.7% and 8.8% for C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis respectively. On the contrary, [9] reported lower rates of C. albicans 15.1%, and C. tropicalis 8.4%. [15] observed C. tropicalis 3.25%, C. parasilosis 3.25%, [16] documented Candida tropicalis 19.95%, C. glabrata 16.54% C. parapsilosis 13.14% and C. krusei 5.10%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sputum specimens were cultured on modified Sabouraud-dextrose gentamicin agar medium and incubated at 37˚C for up to 72 hours. Gentamicin inhibited bacterial growth [9]. Pure cultures of Candida sp.…”

Section: Cultivation Of Candida Spmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of budding yeast cells and pseudohyphae in direct Gram's stained smear using the ×100 objective may aid diagnosis [3]. The smears were fixed with alcohol to avoid over absorption of stains by Candida hyphae if present [9]. Candida sp.…”

Section: Direct Smear Examination By Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Candida Co-Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Tuberculosis Patients and Antifungal Susceptibility of the Isolates

Amala¹,

Huldah²,

Wokem³

2020

JTR

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It had been observed that tuberculosis (TB) subjects can be co-infected with Candida sp. which was previously assumed as normal flora of the oral cavity. Candida sp. might become an opportunistic pathogen in immune compromised individuals. Candida co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in TB patients might complicate underlying disease process in the lungs. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 sputum samples were collected from TB patients and examined using Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique and MDR/RIF Genexpert system for TB. Samples positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with gentamicin and examined for the presence of budding yeast cells and pseudohyphae on Gram's stain. Candida sp. isolated from TB positive sputa were cultured on CHROMager Candida for identification to species level and subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing. Results: Out of 400 sputum samples examined for TB 93 (23.3%) were positive and 32 (34.4%) out of 93 TB positive cases were co-infected with Candida sp. Candida albicans was the most predominant species with a prevalence of 23 (67.6%), C. tropicals 4 (11.8%), C. krusei 4 (11.8%) and C. parapsilosis 3 (8.8%). One sample had dual infection. Female subjects had high prevalence (19.4%) than the male (15.7%). Age group 31 -40 years had both high prevalence of TB 32.3% and Candida 25.0%. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed that isolated Candida sp. were more susceptible to vericonazole and fluconazole compared to nystatin. Conclusions: Tuberculosis weakens the immune systems of infected persons especially when prophylactic administration proves abortive or there is non-adherence to treatment prescriptions. This may cause the development of multidrug resistance TB. Candida sp. may utilize these opportunities to establish alongside M. tuberculosis and worsen treatment and patient condition. For good treatment of TB, Candida co-infection should be screened concomitantly with TB in TB suspected individuals. How to cite this paper: Amala, S.E., Hanson, A. and Wokem G.N. (2020) Candida Co-Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Tuberculosis Patients and Antifungal Susceptibility of the Isolates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cultivation Of Candida Spmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Direct Smear Examination By Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Candida Co-Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Tuberculosis Patients and Antifungal Susceptibility of the Isolates

Amala¹,

Huldah²,

Wokem³

2020

JTR

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Molecular Identification of Fungal Populations in Polyherbal Medicines used for the Treatment of Tuberculosis

Famewo¹,

Afolayan²

2018

J Pure Appl Microbiol

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Pulmonary Fungal Pathogens among Symptomatic Patients with or without Tuberculosis at Gombe, Nigeria

Sani

Abdullahi

Animasaun

et al. 2020

JoMMID

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Pulmonary fungal infections are a significant etiology of morbidity among immunocompromised and immunosuppressed patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fungal pathogens and associated risk factors among pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and non-PTB patients attending Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, Nigeria. Methods: Three consecutive early morning sputum samples were collected from 43 PTB patients and 173 non-PTB persons and then examined for fungal pathogens using standard mycological stains, microscopy, and biochemical assays. All the participants were screened for HIV by the World Health Organization HIV testing algorithm and M. tuberculosis infection using GeneXpert ® nested PCR equipment. Samples with at least two significant fungal growths were considered positive. Results: Out of 216 sputa, 73.6% showed fungal growth in cultures. One hundred percent and 67% of PTB and non-PTB participants had positive sputa culture, respectively. In PTB patients, Candida albicans (25.6%) and Aspergillus fumigatus (20.9%), and in non-PTB individuals A. fumigatus (51.7%) and A. nigar (17.2%) were the most prevalent species. Age and residential areas were significantly associated with fungal infection in PTB and non-PTB subjects (p˂0.05). Cigarette smoking, prolonged antibiotic use, and having domestic pets were significant risk factors for developing pulmonary fungal infections in both groups (p˂0.05). None of the studied risk factors was significantly associated with pulmonary mycosis among TB patients (p˃0.05). However, prolonged use of antibiotics was a significant risk factor of pulmonary fungal infection among non-TB patients (p=0.009). Conclusion:Our study showed that PTB was a predisposing factor for fungal infection, especially among individuals with low socioeconomic status.

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Prevalence of Candida Co-Infections among Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Emuoha, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Abstract: Candida spp have been one of the co-infection challenges facing the patients suffering frompulmonary tuberculosis 300 clinical specimen of sputa and oral swabs were collected from hospitalized tuberculosis patients for isolation of Candida spp. The patients were divided into two (2)

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

<i>Candida</i> Co-Infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in Tuberculosis Patients and Antifungal Susceptibility of the Isolates

<i>Candida</i> Co-Infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in Tuberculosis Patients and Antifungal Susceptibility of the Isolates

Molecular Identification of Fungal Populations in Polyherbal Medicines used for the Treatment of Tuberculosis

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Pulmonary Fungal Pathogens among Symptomatic Patients with or without Tuberculosis at Gombe, Nigeria

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Prevalence of Candida Co-Infections among Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Emuoha, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Abstract: Candida spp have been one of the co-infection challenges facing the patients suffering frompulmonary tuberculosis 300 clinical specimen of sputa and oral swabs were collected from hospitalized tuberculosis patients for isolation of Candida spp. The patients were divided into two (2)

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

&lt;i&gt;Candida&lt;/i&gt; Co-Infection with &lt;i&gt;Mycobacterium tuberculosis&lt;/i&gt; in Tuberculosis Patients and Antifungal Susceptibility of the Isolates

&lt;i&gt;Candida&lt;/i&gt; Co-Infection with &lt;i&gt;Mycobacterium tuberculosis&lt;/i&gt; in Tuberculosis Patients and Antifungal Susceptibility of the Isolates

Molecular Identification of Fungal Populations in Polyherbal Medicines used for the Treatment of Tuberculosis

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Pulmonary Fungal Pathogens among Symptomatic Patients with or without Tuberculosis at Gombe, Nigeria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

<i>Candida</i> Co-Infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in Tuberculosis Patients and Antifungal Susceptibility of the Isolates

<i>Candida</i> Co-Infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in Tuberculosis Patients and Antifungal Susceptibility of the Isolates