Prevalence of Carriage of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Serotypes O157:H7, O26:H11, O103:H2, O111:H8, and O145:H28 among Slaughtered Adult Cattle in France

Bibbal, Delphine; Loukiadis, Estelle; Kérourédan, Monique; Ferré, Franck; Dilasser, Françoise; Garam, Carine Peytavin de; Cartier, P; Oswald, Éric; Gay, Émilie; Auvray, Frédéric; Brugère, Hubert

doi:10.1128/aem.03315-14

Cited by 48 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The eae-␥1 subtype was found in the serotype O157:H7 strain and the two serotype O145: H28 strains, while eae-␤1 was found in the four strains of serotype O26:H11 (isolated from shellfish and freshwater samples). These correlations are consistent with results obtained previously for strains belonging to the top five EHEC serotypes that were isolated from slaughtered adult cattle (11) and for strains linked to human diseases (51). These data are also consistent with publications that showed that the eae-␤ and eae-␥ subtypes were the two subtypes most frequently detected in clinical isolates associated with human infections (15,51,74).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Molecular Profiling of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Enteropathogenic E. coli Strains Isolated from French Coastal Environments

Balière

Rincé

Delannoy

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains may be responsible for food-borne infections in humans. Twenty-eight STEC and 75 EPEC strains previously isolated from French shellfish-harvesting areas and their watersheds and belonging to 68 distinguishable serotypes were characterized in this study. High-throughput real-time PCR was used to search for the presence of 75 E. coli virulence-associated gene targets, and genes encoding Shiga toxin (stx) and intimin (eae) were subtyped using PCR tests and DNA sequencing, respectively. The results showed a high level of diversity between strains, with 17 unique virulence gene profiles for STEC and 56 for EPEC. Seven STEC and 15 EPEC strains were found to display a large number or a particular combination of genetic markers of virulence and the presence of stx and/or eae variants, suggesting their potential pathogenicity for humans. Among these, an O26:H11 stx 1a eae-␤1 strain was associated with a large number of virulence-associated genes (n ‫؍‬ 47), including genes carried on the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) or other pathogenicity islands, such as OI-122, OI-71, OI-43/48, OI-50, OI-57, and the high-pathogenicity island (HPI). One O91:H21 STEC strain containing 4 stx variants (stx 1a , stx 2a , stx 2c , and stx 2d ) was found to possess genes associated with pathogenicity islands OI-122, OI-43/48, and OI-15. Among EPEC strains harboring a large number of virulence genes (n, 34 to 50), eight belonged to serotype O26:H11, O103:H2, O103:H25, O145:H28, O157:H7, or O153:H2. IMPORTANCEThe species E. coli includes a wide variety of strains, some of which may be responsible for severe infections. This study, a molecular risk assessment study of E. coli strains isolated from the coastal environment, was conducted to evaluate the potential risk for shellfish consumers. This report describes the characterization of virulence gene profiles and stx/eae polymorphisms of E. coli isolates and clearly highlights the finding that the majority of strains isolated from coastal environment are potentially weakly pathogenic, while some are likely to be more pathogenic. E scherichia coli is a commensal aerobic bacterium of the warmblooded animal intestinal microbiota and is used as a fecal indicator in the environment to classify shellfish-harvesting and bathing areas (1). However, E. coli can become pathogenic through the acquisition of mobile genetic elements such as bacteriophages, pathogenicity islands, and plasmids. Among pathogenic E. coli strains are the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains.STEC can cause infections ranging from uncomplicated diarrheas to hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Several STEC serotypes have been involved in numerous food-borne outbreaks worldwide (2, 3), and these strains have been identified as enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). Although E. coli O157:H7 has been the main serotype implicated in HC and HUS since the early ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The main reservoir of STEC is cattle (11). However, other animals, such as sheep, goats, swine, birds, wild animals, and humans, can also harbor STEC strains in their digestive tracts (35)(36)(37).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Profiling of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Enteropathogenic E. coli Strains Isolated from French Coastal Environments

Balière

Rincé

Delannoy

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The cumulative prevalence (16.5%) of STEC O157 and top 6 non‐O157 STEC (O145, O103, O121, O111, O45 and O26) in the cattle surveyed was lower than previously recorded in a number of studies in the United States of America (USA) which reported prevalence rates ranging from 44.2% to 97.7% (Paddock et al, ; Stanford, 2016). Furthermore, studies that were carried out in Australia and France registered considerably lower prevalences of 7.7% and 1.8%, respectively, in cattle faeces (Bibbal et al, ; Mellor et al, ). However, the difference between the rate obtained in this study and previous studies in which far higher prevalence rates of the seven major STEC serogroups were observed may be mainly ascribed to differences in cattle populations surveyed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and characterization of seven major Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli serotypes from healthy cattle on cow–calf operations in South Africa

Mainga

Cenci‐Goga

Malahlela

et al. 2018

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Cattle are a major reservoir of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. This study investigated the occurrence of seven major STEC serogroups including O157, O145, O103, O121, O111, O45 and O26 among 578 STEC isolates previously recovered from 559 cattle. The isolates were characterized for serotype and major virulence genes. Polymerase chain reaction revealed that 41.7% (241/578) of isolates belonged to STEC O157, O145, O103, O121, O45 and O26, and 33 distinct serotypes. The 241 isolates corresponded to 16.5% (92/559) of cattle that were STEC positive. The prevalence of cattle that tested positive for at least one of the six serogroups across the five farms was variable ranging from 2.9% to 43.4%. Occurrence rates for individual serogroups were as follows: STEC O26 was found in 10.2% (57/559); O45 in 2.9% (16/559); O145 in 2.5% (14/559); O157 in 1.4% (8/559); O121 in 1.1% (6/559); and O103 in 0.4% (2/559). The following proportions of virulence genes were observed: stx1, 69.3% (167/241); stx2, 96.3% (232/241); eaeA, 7.1% (17/241); ehxA, 92.5% (223/241); and both stx1 and stx2, 62.2% (150/241) of isolates. These findings are evidence that cattle in South Africa carry STEC that belong to six major STEC serogroups commonly incriminated in human disease. However, only a subset of serotypes associated with these serogroups were clinically relevant in human disease. Most STEC isolates carried stx1, stx2 and ehxA but lacked eaeA, a major STEC virulence factor in human disease.

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“…Also, E. coli strain O157:H7 has been frequently isolated in dairy herds in the United States (34)(35)(36)58) and in other countries (14,39,65). It is known that young cattle harbor STEC at significant prevalence, often higher than that in adult cows (13,60,63,(65)(66)(67). Also, one study observed that soil and floor areas where calves were raised had a higher prevalence of STEC than areas housing adult cows (68).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Escherichia coli Virulence Factors in Dairy Herds and Farm Environments in a Longitudinal Study in the United States

Lambertini

Karns

Kessel

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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g Pathogenic Escherichia coli or its associated virulence factors have been frequently detected in dairy cow manure, milk, and dairy farm environments. However, it is unclear what the long-term dynamics of E. coli virulence factors are and which farm compartments act as reservoirs. This study assessed the occurrence and dynamics of four E. coli virulence factors (eae, stx 1 , stx 2 , and the gamma allele of the tir gene [␥-tir]) on three U.S. dairy farms. Fecal, manure, water, feed, milk, and milk filter samples were collected from 2004 to 2012. Virulence factors were measured by postenrichment quantitative PCR (qPCR). All factors were detected in most compartments on all farms. Fecal and manure samples showed the highest prevalence, up to 53% for stx and 21% for ␥-tir in fecal samples and up to 84% for stx and 44% for ␥-tir in manure. Prevalence was low in milk (up to 1.9% for stx and 0.7% for ␥-tir). However, 35% of milk filters were positive for stx and 20% were positive for ␥-tir. All factors were detected in feed and water. Factor prevalence and levels, expressed as qPCR cycle threshold categories, fluctuated significantly over time, with no clear seasonal signal independent from year-to-year variability. Levels were correlated between fecal and manure samples, and in some cases autocorrelated, but not between manure and milk filters. Shiga toxins were nearly ubiquitous, and 10 to 18% of the lactating cows were potential shedders of E. coli O157 at least once during their time in the herds. E. coli virulence factors appear to persist in many areas of the farms and therefore contribute to transmission dynamics. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolates of several pathovars of public health importance, such as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC), and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), have been observed in dairy herds (1-3) as well as in milk (4-10) and other dairy products (4-8, 11, 12). Beef cattle are also known to harbor pathogenic E. coli (13-16). Dairy animals also enter the meat production chain, contributing to meatborne infections (17). Infection by these classes of pathogenic E. coli can have serious health impacts in humans (8). The cost of human health losses in the United States due to E. coli O157 alone was estimated to amount to $405 million per year (18). Numerous E. coli outbreaks have been linked to the consumption of milk and dairy products (19)(20)(21)(22) and to direct contact with dairy farm animals and environments (23, 24). Milk contamination is usually due to fecal contamination. Intestinal colonization by STEC serogroups such as E. coli O157 is usually subclinical in cows and calves and therefore is often undetected. STEC and EHEC have almost never been associated with nonenteric infections in cows, such as mastitis, although other classes of pathogenic E. coli have been known to cause mastitis (25).A virulence factor is a phenotypic trait, usually a large molecule or complex, which determines the ability of E. coli and other bacterial pathogens to infect a h...

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Prevalence of Carriage of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Serotypes O157:H7, O26:H11, O103:H2, O111:H8, and O145:H28 among Slaughtered Adult Cattle in France

Cited by 48 publications

References 59 publications

Molecular Profiling of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Enteropathogenic E. coli Strains Isolated from French Coastal Environments

Molecular Profiling of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Enteropathogenic E. coli Strains Isolated from French Coastal Environments

Occurrence and characterization of seven major Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli serotypes from healthy cattle on cow–calf operations in South Africa

Dynamics of Escherichia coli Virulence Factors in Dairy Herds and Farm Environments in a Longitudinal Study in the United States

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