Prevalence of child-directed and general audience marketing strategies on the front of beverage packaging: the case of Chile

Stoltze, Fernanda Mediano; Barker, Joshua; Kanter, Rebecca; Reyes, Marcela; Taillie, Lindsey Smith; Carpentier, Francesca R. Dillman

doi:10.1017/s1368980017002671

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…[120][121][122][123] With the higher penetration of the Internet, new forms of food promotion are being developed, particularly for children and adolescents. 124,125 There is robust evidence showing that unhealthy food products are more heavily advertised than healthier food options; therefore, higher exposure to food marketing is likely promoting or sustaining unhealthy dietary behaviors in LMICs, especially among children. 126 Moreover, increasing evidence indicates that food marketing has been changing its potential audience, now…”

Section: Commercial Determinants Of Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the rise of cardiometabolic diseases in low- and middle-income countries

Miranda

Barrientos‐Gutiérrez

Corvalán

et al. 2019

Nat Med

230

198

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Increases in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), but in particular cardiometabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, stroke and diabetes, and their major risk factors, have not been uniform across settings; for example, cardiovascular disease mortality has declined over recent decades in high-income countries but increased in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). The factors contributing to this rise are varied and are contributed to by the environmental, social, political and commercial determinants of health, among other factors. This Review focuses on understanding the rise of cardiometabolic diseases in LMICs, with particular emphasis on obesity and its drivers, together with broader environmental and macro determinants of health, and the LMIC-based responses to counteract cardiometabolic diseases.

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Section: Commercial Determinants Of Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the rise of cardiometabolic diseases in low- and middle-income countries

Miranda

Barrientos‐Gutiérrez

Corvalán

et al. 2019

Nat Med

230

198

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Sample sizes in the content analyses vary substantially, ranging from 69 products up to 1005, and the studies examine different categories of food (from cereal, to candy, to beverages, to pastries and cookies), making comparison across studies inappropriate. Some studies analyse all child-directed foods found in the supermarket [9], while others analyse the "regular" foods that have been repackaged to appeal to children, specifically excluding "junk food" (such as confectionary/candy/chocolate, sugary sodas and salty snacks) [22,23,26,30]; and some isolate specific categories or types of food-such as cereals [50,52,54,57,63], beverages [51] or snack food, confectionary and "dairy snacks"/ice cream [18] (See Table 2).…”

Section: Nutritional Quality Of Child-targeted Packaged Foods and Typmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies assessed the nutritional quality of the products with nutrition claims, with mixed results. Four studies found that packages with nutrition claims are "healthier" products [9,20,51,53], while three studies reported that nutrition claims appear more frequently on unhealthy products [17,19,26].…”

Section: Nutrition Claimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Power of Packaging: A Scoping Review and Assessment of Child-Targeted Food Packaging

Elliott

Truman

2020

Nutrients

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Child-targeted food marketing is a significant public health concern, prompting calls for its regulation. Product packaging is a powerful form of food marketing aimed at children, yet no published studies examine the range of literature on the topic or the “power” of its marketing techniques. This study attempts such a task. Providing a systematic scoping review of the literature on child-targeted food packaging, we assesses the nutritional profile of these foods, the types of foods examined, and the creative strategies used to attract children. Fifty-seven full text articles were reviewed. Results identify high level trends in methodological approaches (content analysis, 38%), outcomes measured (exposure, 44%) and with respect to age. Studies examining the nutritional profile of child-targeted packaged foods use various models, classifying from anywhere from 41% to 97% of products as unhealthy. Content analyses track the prevalence of child-targeted techniques (cartoon characters as the most frequently measured), while other studies assess their effectiveness. Overall, this scoping review offers important insights into the differences between techniques tracked and those measured for effectiveness in existing literature, and identifies gaps for future research around the question of persuasive power—particularly when it comes to children’s age and the specific types of techniques examined.

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“…The development of overweightness and obesity is associated, to a great extent, with the overconsumption of calories [2] and free sugars [3,4]. Unhealthy food and beverage marketing has been identified as a key contributor to childhood obesity [5], as products that are energy dense and high in sugars, such as sugary, sweetened beverages, breakfast cereals, snacks, and candies [6] are often marketed with fun characters, collectible gifts, and other strategies that appeal to children [7,8,9,10]. Because of their limited cognitive and executive skills [7,11,12], children might be especially vulnerable to this type of marketing in advertising [7,8] and on packages [9,10,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Child-Directed Marketing on Breakfast Cereal Packages before and after Chile’s Food Marketing Law: A Pre- and Post-Quantitative Content Analysis

Stoltze

Reyes

Smith

et al. 2019

IJERPH

Self Cite

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Food marketing has been identified as a contributing factor in childhood obesity, prompting global health organizations to recommend restrictions on unhealthy food marketing to children. Chile has responded to this recommendation with a restriction on child-directed marketing for products that exceed certain regulation-defined thresholds in sugars, saturated fats, sodium, or calories. Child-directed strategies are allowed for products that do not exceed these thresholds. To evaluate changes in marketing due to this restriction, we examined differences in the use of child-directed strategies on breakfast cereal packages that exceeded the defined thresholds vs. those that did not exceed the thresholds before (n = 168) and after (n = 153) the restriction was implemented. Photographs of cereal packages were taken from top supermarket chains in Santiago. Photographed cereals were classified as “high-in” if they exceeded any nutrient threshold described in the regulation. We found that the percentage of all cereal packages using child-directed strategies before implementation (36%) was significantly lower after implementation (21%), p < 0.05. This overall decrease is due to the decrease we found in the percentage of “high-in” cereals using child-directed strategies after implementation (43% before implementation, 15% after implementation), p < 0.05. In contrast, a greater percentage of packages that did not qualify as “high-in” used child-directed strategies after implementation (30%) compared with before implementation (8%), p < 0.05. The results suggest that the Chilean food marketing regulation can be effective at reducing the use of child-directed marketing for unhealthy food products.

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Prevalence of child-directed and general audience marketing strategies on the front of beverage packaging: the case of Chile

Cited by 26 publications

References 66 publications

Understanding the rise of cardiometabolic diseases in low- and middle-income countries

Understanding the rise of cardiometabolic diseases in low- and middle-income countries

The Power of Packaging: A Scoping Review and Assessment of Child-Targeted Food Packaging

Prevalence of Child-Directed Marketing on Breakfast Cereal Packages before and after Chile’s Food Marketing Law: A Pre- and Post-Quantitative Content Analysis

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