Prevalence of Childhood Sexual Abuse among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People: A Meta-Analysis

Xu, Yin; Zheng, Yong

doi:10.1080/10538712.2015.1006746

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is nearly five times greater among men who have sex with men (MSM) than in the general male population (Friedman, Marshal & Guadamuz, 2011). In a recent meta-analysis of 65 studies across nine countries, researchers noted a prevalence of 23.6% and 21.4% among gay and bisexual men, respectively (Xu & Zheng, 2015). CSA prevalence was highest for studies conducted in the United States and Canada.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Thus, understanding abusive histories is crucial to delivering effective health and mental health care services. Nevertheless, investigating these histories is often confounded by underreporting (Alaggia, 2005;Tang, Freyd, & Wang, 2007) and by varied definitions of abuse (Arreola et al 2008;Dolezal & Carballo-Diéguez, 2002;Lloyd & Operario, 2012;Xu & Zheng, 2015). Moreover, assessment tools that confront participants with questions about coercion and unwanted encounters during childhood are not likely to account for experiences perceived as consensual or normative that would otherwise meet criteria for abuse -i.e., unrecognized by the victim (Benoit & Downing, 2013;Valentine & Pantalone, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Early Sexual Experiences, Mental Health, and Risk Behavior among Black Non-Hispanic and Hispanic / Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM)

Downing

Benoit

Brown

et al. 2019

Journal of Child Sexual Abuse

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Black and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by childhood sexual abuse (CSA). Investigating these histories is often confounded by underreporting and varied definitions of abuse. Unrecognized abuse may manifest in unhealthy ways, specifically psychological distress, substance use, and high-risk sexual behaviors. Black and Hispanic / Latino MSM in New York City discussed formative sexual experiences in in-person interviews. Eligible

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Early Sexual Experiences, Mental Health, and Risk Behavior among Black Non-Hispanic and Hispanic / Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM)

Downing

Benoit

Brown

et al. 2019

Journal of Child Sexual Abuse

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“…There is evidence that CSA, as well as partner violence, is more prevalent among homosexual and bisexual people than among their heterosexual counterparts (Austin et al, 2008;Balsam, Rothblum, & Beauchaine, 2005;Balsam, Lehavot, & Beadnell, 2011;Friedman et al, 2011;Kubicek, McNeeley, & Collins, 2016;Rothman, Exner, & Baughman, 2011;Tomeo, Templer, Anderson, & Kotler, 2001;Waterman, Dawson, & Bologna, 1989;Wilson & Widom, 2010). Xu and Zheng (2015) performed a meta-analysis investigating incidences of CSA among non-heterosexual populations in nine countries. The analysis showed a prevalence of 24% for the gay male population, and 37% for the lesbian women population, which is higher than what has been found for heterosexual people (5-8% for men and 15-25% for women, respectively).…”

Section: Sexual Orientationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences of Non-consensual Sex of Older Adult Men and Women in Norway, Denmark, Belgium and Portugal

Træen

Kvalem

Ohnstad

2019

Sexuality & Culture

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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of non-consensual sex in older adult men and women across Europe, and to find out what variables predict such experiences in different European countries. Data were collected using probability samples from populations, aged 60-75 years, in Norway (N = 1271), Denmark (N = 1045), Belgium (N = 991), and Portugal (N = 509), using postal questionnaires. Around 5% of men included in the study, in all of the countries, reported non-consensual sexual experiences. Non-consensual sexual experiences were higher in gay/bisexual men when compared against heterosexual men. Partnered men had a lower likelihood of childhood non-consensual sex than those without partners. Compared against men with primary education, those who had undergone tertiary education had a lower likelihood of having experienced adult non-consensual sex. For women, rates of reporting non-consensual sex before and after the age of 18 years were lowest in Portugal (2% and 6%, respectively) and highest in Norway (9% and 11%, respectively). Compared with women with no religious affiliations, protestant women showed a lower likelihood of having experienced childhood non-consensual sex. In comparison to Norwegian women, Belgian and Portuguese women were observed to have had a lower likelihood of having experienced childhood non-consensual sex. Compared to women who were non-partnered, had no religious affiliation, or had primary education, women who were partnered, Roman Catholic, and had higher education showed a lower likelihood of having experienced non-consensual sex in adulthood. Experience of non-consensual sex correlated significantly, albeit weakly, with greater levels of both anxiety and depression, decreased subjective well-being, lower perceived intimacy with one's partner, and higher feelings of loneliness. Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation Response to Reviewer #2: 1. Consider the title 'across Europe' seems rather broad when four countries are identified. Response: "across Europe" has been replaced with "in Norway, Denmark, Belgium and Portugal". 2. It would be helpful in the introduction to include types of non-consensual sex which will be discussed (e.g. obligational) as well as the factors used in participant information (gender, sexual orientation, religion, education). Response: Thank you for pointing out this. We have slightly rewritten and reorganized the Introduction section to make it clearer what we are studying. 3. Page 17, lines 22-38 are rather speculative which differs from the authors' highlysubstantiated, well researched arguments elsewhere. Given the nature of this journal and the focus on sexuality, some references would make these speculative comments more substantiated. Response: We thank the reviewer for pointing out this weakness. We have rewritten this piece to: "The factors that contribute to the association between sexual victimization and sexual orientation are poorly understood (Balsam et al., 2005). Potential explanations could ...

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“…LGBQ individuals are more likely than heterosexual individuals to experience victimization, both in childhood and adulthood (Andersen and Blosnich, 2013;Friedman et al, 2011;Mittleman, 2019;Xu and Zheng, 2015). Research further shows that victimization is associated with poorer LGBQ mental health (Mustanski et al, 2016Russell et al, 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LGBQ+ adults’ experiences of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies and primary care counselling services: informing clinical practice and service delivery

Foy

Morris

Fernandes

et al. 2019

tCBT

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Lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer and other sexual minority (LGBQ+) people experience higher levels of psychological difficulties than heterosexual people. Evidence suggests that LGBQ+ treatment outcomes within England’s Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services are worse than the outcomes for heterosexuals, especially for bisexual people and sexual minority women. IAPT services provide evidence-based treatments like cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), typically for anxiety or depression. This study explored LGBQ+ adults’ experiences with IAPT services and/or primary care counselling. LGBQ+ adults (n = 136) answered an online questionnaire (fixed-response and optional open-ended questions) about their access and treatment experiences. Descriptive statistics summarized multiple-choice responses. Qualitative data were analysed through thematic analysis. Before access, 41.9% of participants were concerned about experiencing LGBQ+ stigma/discrimination within psychological services. Only 13.2% of participants thought their sexuality negatively impacted their treatment, although prejudice/discrimination may be underestimated as 33.6% participants did not disclose their sexuality to practitioners and sexuality was not discussed in treatment for 44.0% of participants. Bisexual clients were significantly less likely to disclose their sexuality. The barriers LGBQ+ people described within IAPT or primary care services included: feared or experienced stigma in the services; reluctance to disclose sexuality; inconsistent discussion of sexuality in treatment; a lack of awareness and understanding towards LGBQ+ identities and community-specific challenges; and distrust, disillusionment and exclusion resultantly. Overall, 52.2% thought services could be improved for LGBQ+ individuals. This study identified multiple issues to be addressed in therapist training and service development.Key learning aims (1)The unique needs/experiences that LGBQ+ people bring to therapy, such as the need to disclose their sexuality and past experiences of stigma/discrimination, including how this differs within the community (e.g. bisexual people or LGBQ+ Black and minority ethnic people).(2)How these needs/experiences can result in barriers that make their treatment experience distinct from heterosexuals and influence their treatment outcomes.(3)What steps should be taken in future research and clinical practice to ensure improvements in the psychological treatment experiences of LGBQ+ people, including in relation to therapist understanding and training in LGBQ+-related issues.

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Prevalence of Childhood Sexual Abuse among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People: A Meta-Analysis

Cited by 27 publications

References 43 publications

Early Sexual Experiences, Mental Health, and Risk Behavior among Black Non-Hispanic and Hispanic / Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM)

Early Sexual Experiences, Mental Health, and Risk Behavior among Black Non-Hispanic and Hispanic / Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM)

Experiences of Non-consensual Sex of Older Adult Men and Women in Norway, Denmark, Belgium and Portugal

LGBQ+ adults’ experiences of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies and primary care counselling services: informing clinical practice and service delivery

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