Prevalence of  Chlamydia Trachomatis ,  Neisseria Gonorrhoeae , and  Trichomonas Vaginalis  Infection in Chilean Adolescents and Young Adults

Huneeus, Andrea; Schilling, Andrea; Fernández, Mario

doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2018.01.003

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These rates are higher than those reported in other regional surveys, 12 particularly among female adolescents (range: 2.2%-11.6%). [15][16][17][18] Factors associated with CT in this population accord with those found in the literature: female sex, multiple lifetime partners, increasing age and having experienced a pregnancy. Worldwide, female adolescents are more likely than males to acquire CT infection due to cervical ectopy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Prevalence and determinants of genitalChlamydia trachomatisamong school-going, sexually experienced adolescents in urban and rural Indigenous regions of Panama

et al. 2020

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ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and risk factors of genital Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) among school-going sexually experienced male and female adolescents in Panama.MethodsWe conducted two multisite cross-sectional studies using two-stage cluster sampling to select adolescents aged 14–19 years attending urban public high schools (URB) in Panama City, San Miguelito, Colón and Panama Oeste from 2015 to 2018, and in the rural Indigenous Comarca Ngäbe-Buglé (CNB) from July–November 2018. CT testing was performed by real-time PCR on urine samples. Random-effects logistic regression accounting for sample clustering was used to identify risk factors.ResultsWe enrolled 3166 participants (54.3% females), median age 17 years (IQR: 15.9–18.1), with no difference by sex. Sexual experience was reported by 1954 (61.7%) participants. Combined CT prevalence was 15.8% (95% CI: 14.2 to 17.4), with no significant differences by region (URB=16.5%, 95% CI: 14.7% to 18.6%; CNB=13.6%, 95% CI: 10.9% to 16.8%; p=0.12). In an age-and-region-adjusted analysis, CT prevalence was higher among female participants compared with males (21.6% vs 9.1%, adjusted OR (AOR)=2.87, 95% CI: 1.62 to 5.10). Among sexually experienced females, CT prevalence was higher among those who reported ≥3 lifetime sex partners compared with one partner (33.5% vs 15.3%, AOR=2.20, 95% CI: 1.09 to 4.07); and among those reporting at least one pregnancy compared with nulligravidae participants (30.9% vs 13.8%, AOR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.05 to 3.43). In unadjusted analyses among males, CT was associated with older age (11.5% among those aged 18–19 years vs 3.4% among those aged 14–15 years, OR=3.69, 95% CI: 1.10 to 12.33).ConclusionsWe report high CT prevalence among sexually experienced, school-going adolescents in Panama. Female adolescents, particularly those with multiple sex partners and a history of pregnancy, were at highest risk. Adolescent-targeted CT screening should be implemented in Panama. Additionally, evidence-based comprehensive sexuality education will be imperative.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Prevalence and determinants of genitalChlamydia trachomatisamong school-going, sexually experienced adolescents in urban and rural Indigenous regions of Panama

et al. 2020

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“…We speculate that tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy may actually enhance the colonization of GBS in the gastrointestinal and the genital tracts. Indeed, previous studies have shown that tobacco smoke exposure is associated with increased colonization of the respiratory and genital tract with pathogenic bacteria [38,39], possibly through alteration of the microbiome [18,21,40]. Tobacco smoke contains more than 4,500 chemical intoxicants [41] many of which can result in increased suppression or modulation of both active and passive immune response [42].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Group B streptococcal colonization: Prevalence and impact of smoking in women delivering term or near term neonates in a large tertiary care hospital in the southern United States

et al. 2020

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Background and hypothesis The role of smoking as a risk factor for group B streptococcal (GBS) colonization in women during pregnancy has not been previously adequately explored. We hypothesized that women of term or near term neonates who smoked during pregnancy were more likely to have GBS colonization than their non-smoking counterparts. Methods The electronic health records (EHRs) of a convenience sample of women delivering in an inner-city university tertiary care center were reviewed. The outcome variable of interest was maternal GBS colonization during pregnancy. The primary independent variable of interest was tobacco smoking during pregnancy, determined from the EHRs by the number of cigarettes smoked during gestation. Descriptive statistics were conducted and categorical data were compared by the Fischer's exact test. Multiple logistic regression analysis was further conducted to determine the independent impact of tobacco smoke exposure on GBS colonization. Results The prevalence of maternal GBS colonization was 35% among the study population. In the univariate analyses, factors associated with maternal GBS colonization were tobacco smoking during pregnancy (P of trend <0.001), Race (P<0.001), maternal age <20 years (P = 0.006), low birthweight <2500 gm (P = 0.020), maternal drug use (P = 004), and gestational age <37 (P = 0.041). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, tobacco smoking during pregnancy remained the most significant predictor of GBS colonization. Women who smoked during pregnancy were more than twice more likely to be colonized than their non-smoking counterparts (OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.5-4.6; p<0.001). Maternal age was the only other

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“…In Sjögren syndrome, a disease with mean age of onset usually in the 4th to 5th decade, a very low prevalence of HPV infection was evidenced [17]. CT and NG infections are rare in sexually active Chilean adolescents and young adults [18] and adult RA patients [6]. Likewise, we have not observed these STI in JIA or health control groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…HPV DNA testing was performed using Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2 high-risk; Digene Corporation, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) by DNA of oncogenic group of probes. These probes were chosen to detect 13 high-risk types of HPV (16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52, 56, 58, 59 and 68). CT DNA testing and NG testing were performed using Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2 CT-ID DNA; Digene Corporation, Gaithersburg, MD, USA).…”

Section: Determination Of Hpv Ct and Ng Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower genital tract infections in young female juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients

et al. 2019

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Background: To evaluate human papillomavirus (HPV), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients. Methods: After exclusion, 33 female adolescent and young JIA patients (ILAR criteria) and 28 healthy controls were selected for this study. Demographic data, gynecological, sexual function, cervical cytology and histological abnormalities were evaluated. JIA clinical/laboratorial parameters and treatment were also assessed. HPV-DNA, CT-DNA and NG-DNA testing in cervical specimens were performed by Hybrid Capture 2 assays. Results: The mean current age was similar in JIA patients and controls (23.3 ± 6.24 vs. 26.1 ± 6.03 years, p = 0.09). The frequencies of sexual intercourse (76% vs. 89%, p = 0.201) and abnormal cervical cytology (24% vs. 11%, p = 0.201) were similar in JIA compared to controls. The higher frequency of HPV infection in JIA patients than controls (30% vs. 11%, p = 0.155) did not reach statistical significance. CT (0% vs. 7%, p = 0.207) and NG infections (0% vs. 4%, p = 0.459) were also alike in both groups. Further evaluation of JIA patients with abnormal and normal cervical cytology showed that the former group had a higher frequency of HPV infection (87% vs. 12%, p = 0.0002) with a low frequency of HPV vaccination (0% vs. 8%, p = 1.0). No differences were evidenced between these two JIA groups regarding demographic data, sexual function and clinical/laboratorial parameters. The frequencies of methotrexate (p = 0.206) and biological agent use (p = 0.238) were similar in both JIA groups. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this was the first study to assess lower genital infections in JIA patients allowing the identification of HPV as main cause of cervical dysplasia. Methotrexate and biological agents do not seem to increase risk of lower genital tract infections in JIA patients.

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Prevalence of Chlamydia Trachomatis , Neisseria Gonorrhoeae , and Trichomonas Vaginalis Infection in Chilean Adolescents and Young Adults

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

Prevalence and determinants of genitalChlamydia trachomatisamong school-going, sexually experienced adolescents in urban and rural Indigenous regions of Panama

Prevalence and determinants of genitalChlamydia trachomatisamong school-going, sexually experienced adolescents in urban and rural Indigenous regions of Panama

Group B streptococcal colonization: Prevalence and impact of smoking in women delivering term or near term neonates in a large tertiary care hospital in the southern United States

Lower genital tract infections in young female juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients

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