Prevalence of Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections Among Young Adults in the United States

Miller, William C.; Ford, Carol A.; Morris, Martina; Handcock, Mark S.; Schmitz, John L.; Hobbs, Marcia M.; Cohen, Myron S.; Harris, Kathleen Mullan; Udry, J. Richard

doi:10.1001/jama.291.18.2229

Cited by 543 publications

(422 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Eighteen percent (87/489 non-surgically sterile and 134/764 overall) of the women in our sample reported seeing a doctor for their infertility. This is consistent with the 18% of women ages [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] in NSFG who reported ever using infertility services including medical advice, tests, drugs, surgery or other treatment (7).…”

Section: Limitationssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Chlamydial and gonococcal genital tract infections are the major causes of pelvic inflammatory disease and salpingitis (43). Black women have a higher prevalence of chlamydia and gonorrhea than white women (44) and black women seeking care for infertility have higher rates of tubal infertility than white women (2). Together, these findings suggest that there may be a difference in the prevalence of STD related tubal disease in blacks and whites which may lead to higher rates of infertility in blacks.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Racial differences in self-reported infertility and risk factors for infertility in a cohort of black and white women: The CARDIA Women's Study

Wellons

Lewis

Schwartz

et al. 2008

Fertility and Sterility

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Objective-To determine racial differences in self-reported infertility and in risk factors for infertility in a cohort of black and white women.Design-A cross-sectional analyses of data from the longitudinal Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study, a prospective, epidemiologic investigation of the determinants and evolution of cardiovascular risk factors among black and white young adults and from the ancillary CARDIA Women's Study (CWS).Setting-Population-based sample from 4 US communities (Birmingham, AL; Chicago, IL, Minneapolis, MN; and Oakland, CA).Participants-Women ages 33-44 who had complete data (n=764). Interventions-noneMain Outcome Measure-Self-report of ever having unprotected sexual intercourse for at least 12 months without becoming pregnant.Results-Among non-surgically sterile women, blacks had a two-fold increased odds (95% CI = 1.3-3.1) of infertility as compared with whites after adjustment for socioeconomic position (education and ability to pay for basics), correlates of pregnancy intent (marital status and hormonal contraceptive use), and risk factors for infertility (age, smoking, testosterone, fibroid presence, and ovarian volume). The corresponding OR among all women was 1.5 (95% CI 1.0-2.2). Difficulty paying for basics and ovarian volume were associated with infertility among black but not white women. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.Significant black/white differences in infertility were present in a population-based cohort of women even when adjusting for socioeconomic position, correlates of pregnancy intent, and infertility risk factors. Conclusions-In this population-based sample, black women were more likely to have experienced infertility. This disparity is not explained by common risk factors for infertility such as smoking and obesity, and among non-surgically sterile women, it is not explained by gynecologic risk factors such as fibroids and ovarian volume. NIH Public Access

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Section: Limitationssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial differences in self-reported infertility and risk factors for infertility in a cohort of black and white women: The CARDIA Women's Study

Wellons

Lewis

Schwartz

et al. 2008

Fertility and Sterility

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae cause similar clinical outcomes (Tubal factor infertility), but Chlamydia cervicitis tend to have few acute manifestations and more significant long-term complications. In one prospective study of a cohort of 14,322 individuals between the ages of 18 and 26 years, the prevalence of Chlamydia infection was 4.2% [4]. Approximately 30% of women with Chlamydia cervicitis will develop PID if left untreated or if treatment is delayed, and tends to be associated with high rates of subsequent infertility (17.8%) [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of ureaplasma urealyticum, mycoplasma hominis, chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae infections, and the rubella status of patients undergoing an initial infertility evaluation

Imudia

Detti

Puscheck

et al. 2008

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Purpose To determine the prevalence of positive test for Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), Mycoplasma hominis (MH), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections, and their corresponding Rubella status when undergoing workup for infertility. Methods Retrospective chart review to determine infection status for UU, MH, CT, and NG as determined by cervical swab, as well as the serum Rubella antibody titer. Results A total of 46 patients of the patients reviewed were positive for UU (20.1%), three patients were positive for MH (1.3%), five patients were positive for CT (2.2%) and one patient was positive for NG (0.4%). Rubella immunity was confirmed in 90.3% of patients. Conclusion Approximately one quarter of women presenting to an infertility clinic seeking to conceive were found to have a positive test for UU, MH, CT or NG infection. Additionally, almost 10% of the patients were Rubella nonimmune at the time of presentation for infertility evaluation.

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“…En cuanto a N. gonorrhoeae, la región de África ocupó el primer lugar en frecuencia, siguiéndole en segundo lugar la región de las Américas, con prevalencias de 0,57 % en mujeres y 0,68 % en hombres (1). En los estudios llevados a cabo en diferentes países se han encontrado prevalencias de C. trachomatis entre 1,7 y 25 %, siendo más alta en la población menor de 25 años (2)(3)(4). Para N. gonorrhoeae, los estudios de población reportan prevalencias de 0,08 a 2,6 % (1,3).…”

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Prevalencia de Chlamydia trachomatis y Neisseria gonorrhoeae en adolescentes de colegios de la zona Sabana Centro de Cundinamarca, Colombia

et al. 2015

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Prevalence of Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections Among Young Adults in the United States

Cited by 543 publications

References 28 publications

Racial differences in self-reported infertility and risk factors for infertility in a cohort of black and white women: The CARDIA Women's Study

Racial differences in self-reported infertility and risk factors for infertility in a cohort of black and white women: The CARDIA Women's Study

The prevalence of ureaplasma urealyticum, mycoplasma hominis, chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae infections, and the rubella status of patients undergoing an initial infertility evaluation

Prevalencia de Chlamydia trachomatis y Neisseria gonorrhoeae en adolescentes de colegios de la zona Sabana Centro de Cundinamarca, Colombia

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