Prevalence of Chronic Diseases and Distribution of Selected Physiologic Variables in a Total Community, Tecumseh, Michigan123

Epstein, Frederick H.; Francis, Thomas; Hayner, Norman S.; Johnson, Benjamin C.; Kjelsberg, Marcus O.; Napier, John A.; Ostrander, Leon D.; Payne, M.; Dodge, Horace J.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120517

Cited by 123 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…In the Framingham study, systolic hypertension was ~1.5 times more prevalent in diabetic than in nondiabetic patients, with the risk being higher in women than in men (11,12). Several other studies, including the population survey conducted in Tecumseh, Michigan (13,14), and a series of elderly diabetic patients (aged 50-79 yr) reported by Barrett-Conner et al (15), have confirmed that the tendency to develop hypertension is more apparent among diabetic women than diabetic men. Note that all of the aforementioned studies have been conducted in predominantly Caucasian populations residing in industrialized areas of the United States and western Europe.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Prevalencementioning

confidence: 80%

Etiology and Prevalence of Hypertension in Diabetic Patients

Simonson

1988

Diabetes Care

127

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Data from several epidemiologic studies have suggested that the prevalence of hypertension in patients with diabetes mellitus is -1.5-2.0 times greater than in an appropriately matched nondiabetic population. In patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), hypertension is generally not present at the time of diagnosis. As renal insufficiency develops, blood pressure rises and may exacerbate the progression to end-stage renal failure. In non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), many patients are hypertensive at the time of diagnosis. The incidence of hypertension in NIDDM is related to the degree of obesity, advanced age, and extensive atherosclerosis that is typically present, and it probably includes many patients with essential hypertension. Several other pathophysiologic mechanisms also contribute to the genesis and maintenance of hypertension in the patient with diabetes. Hyperglycemia and increases in totalbody exchangeable sodium may lead to extracellular fluid accumulation and expansion of the plasma volume. In some patients, alterations in the function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and vascular sensitivity to vasoactive hormones may also play a role. It has recently been suggested that hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance may also contribute to the maintenance of an elevated blood pressure because insulin is known to promote sodium retention and enhance sympathetic nervous system activity. The evidence for these hypotheses and their respective contributions to the etiology of hypertension in IDDM and NIDDM are discussed. Diabetes Care 11:821-27, 1988

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Section: Epidemiology and Prevalencementioning

confidence: 80%

Etiology and Prevalence of Hypertension in Diabetic Patients

Simonson

1988

Diabetes Care

127

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“…4 * 1 *" In addition, our analysis of the mean differences at each age between the measures taken using the random-zero and those taken using the Baumanometer shows no significant differences and no consistent directional variation. It has been suggested 47 -** that more than two sequential BP readings should be taken 1 minute apart on each subject, the first reading eliminated, and the remaining ones averaged to yield an accurate BP measure. Therefore, in the second year of the study, three sequential supine readings were taken on 71 individuals.…”

Section: Blood Pressure Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood pressure, growth and maturation from childhood through adolescence. Mixed longitudinal analyses of the Philadelphia Blood Pressure Project.

Katz¹,

Hediger²,

Schall³

et al. 1980

Hypertension

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SUMMARY This paper presents data on the extent to which blood pressure (BP) and growth status at 7 years of age are associated with BP, growth, and maturity status during adolescence. Two samples of black adolescents, namely, a representative sample (n = 562) stratified by sex and age (11 to 15 years) and a sample (n = 256) with supine BP over one standard deviation abore the mean at 7 years of age (High BP7), were selected from the Philadelphia Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP) population and followed longitudinally for 3 years. When the subjects reached adolescence we again measured supine blood pressure, height, weight, and skeletal maturity. Analyses of the data collected at 7 years of age by the CPP Indicated that weight and height are highly significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastollc blood pressure (DBP) respectively. Accordingly, the SBP, DBP, weights, and heights of the representative sample at age 7 were divided into percentile groupings (< 15%, 15%-85%, > 85%). Using mixed longitudinal analyses during adolescence, we found that mean SBP tracked in males through age 15 and in females through age 13 based on the percentile groupings of SBP, height, and weight. Moreover, the weight percentile groupings provided the best discrimination of SBP at these ages. Skeletal age also tracked throughout early adolescence using these percentile groupings of 7-year heights and weights. In females only, diastollc phase 4 (DBP 4 ) daring adolescence was significantly associated with 7-year height percentile groupings. In comparing the representative and the High BP7 samples at each chronological age for BP, height, weight, and skeletal age at adolescence (ages 12 to 17 years), it was found that the High BP7 sample was, on the average, taller and heavier at age 7 and throughout early adolescence. At age 17 in males, however, there were no significant differences in BP, growth, or maturity status. In females, SBP of the High BP7 sample remained significantly higher, and there was a tendency for them to remain heavier through age 17. Hence BP variation is so closely associated with growth and maturation that these factors must be taken into account when assessing BP in childhood and adolescence.

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“…Estudos cruzados seccionais demonstram que indivíduos obesos têm um risco maior de hipertensão arterial que indivíduos magros (79). Um estudo realizado na população da cidade de Bergen, na Noruega, demonstrou que 10kg de aumento no peso corpóreo associa-se com uma elevação de 3 e 2mmHg na pressão sistólica e diastólica, respectivamente (80), elevação confirmada no estudo de Tecumseh (81). O Segundo Exame de Levantamento da Saúde Nacional (NHANES II), um estudo conduzido de 1976 a 1980 em uma amostra representativa da população norte-americana, documentou que a prevalência de hipertensão entre adultos com peso excessivo pode ser 2,9 vezes maior que a de adultos de peso normal (82).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Associação entre polimorfismo Gln27Glu do receptor beta2-adrenérgico e hipertensão arterial sistêmica em obesos mórbidos

Villares

Mancini

Gomez

et al. 2000

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

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RESUMOHá alguns relatos na literatura sugerindo associação entre polimorfismos do receptor b 2 -adrenérgico com obesidade e outros com hipertensão arterial. O objetivo do nosso estudo foi estudar a freqüência de um polimorfismo do receptor b 2 adrenérgico (Gln27Glu) em pacientes obesos (BMI 48 ± 8,2kg/m 2 ) e relacioná-lo com hipertensão arterial, e níveis de triglicérides, colesterol, insulina e glicose no sangue. Encontramos associação deste polimorfismo em obesos com hipertensão arterial. The sympathetic nervous system activation stimulates energy mobilization and utilization in the adipose tissue that is a favored target for high-energy substrate storage, mobilization and utilization. Adrenergic responsiveness may be altered in obesity and could be an important factor in the pathogenesis and maintenance of obesity state. In the hypertensive state there is physiological and biochemical evidence that b-adrenergic responsiveness is diminished in the face of increased sympathetic tone. Recently, several different polymorphic forms of the human b 2 AR have been identified in general population, including N-terminal substitutions of glutamine (Gln) for glutamic acid (Glu) at position 27. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential interaction between the b 2 AR (Gln27Glu) polymorphism and obesity accumulation and hypertension in morbidly obese subjects. The Ita I genotypes of b 2 AR were established using RFLP methods in 135 individuals with BMI 48 ± 8.02kg/m 2 . The frequency of Gln/Glu was 31.9% and in the homozygous Glu/Glu was 12.6%. No association was found between BMI, weight gain during the past years and the Ita I genotypes and neither was associated with levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin and glucose. Positive association was found between blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and presence of polymorphism. The results indicate at the first time that presence of polymorphism 27Glu may provide a mechanism for enhanced vascular reactivity and identify a candidate gene for hypertension in this obesity group. Na última década, a comunidade científica tem procurado estabelecer o papel da genética na etiologia da obesidade humana e de outras doenças complexas que têm componentes ambientais, comportamentais e genéticos. Estuda-se em que extensão os genes herdados têm influência no

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Prevalence of Chronic Diseases and Distribution of Selected Physiologic Variables in a Total Community, Tecumseh, Michigan123

Cited by 123 publications

References 0 publications

Etiology and Prevalence of Hypertension in Diabetic Patients

Etiology and Prevalence of Hypertension in Diabetic Patients

Blood pressure, growth and maturation from childhood through adolescence. Mixed longitudinal analyses of the Philadelphia Blood Pressure Project.

Associação entre polimorfismo Gln27Glu do receptor beta2-adrenérgico e hipertensão arterial sistêmica em obesos mórbidos

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