Prevalence of Chronic Health Conditions in Children With Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

A systematic review of the prevalence rates of chronic health conditions in populations of children with intellectual disability was provided. We identified 2,994 relevant studies by searching Medline, Cinahl, and PsycINFO databases from 1996 to 2008. We included the 31 studies that had sufficient methodological quality. The 6 most prevalent chronic health conditions in children with intellectual disability were epilepsy (22.0/100), cerebral palsy (19.8/100), any anxiety disorder (17.1/100), oppositional defiant disorder (12.4/100), Down syndrome (11.0/100), and autistic disorder (10.1/100). The reported prevalence rates of chronic health conditions in this population was much higher than in the general population. However, both the number of studies that were included and the number of chronic health conditions they reported about were limited. There is an urgent need for better evidence on the prevalence of chronic health conditions among children with intellectual disability.

Cognitive Delay and Behavior Problems Prior to School Age

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Between 30% and 50% of children and adolescents with CD are estimated to develop mental health disorders, a risk nearly 3 times that of typically developing (TD) children. 2 Behavior problems with CD are associated with increased costs of care, 9 social isolation, 17 poor academic achievement, 17 parental stress, 7 and residential treatment placement.…”

Genetics of Mental Retardation

“…По разным оценкам, от 14 до 39% людей с интеллек-туальной недостаточностью имеют сопутствующие психиатрические диагнозы. У многих пациентов с ум-ственной отсталостью (5,5-35%) встречается эпи-лепсия [42]. В некоторых случаях это позволяет опре-делять умственную отсталость как следствие таких заболеваний и проводить молекулярно-генетическую диагностику, например, используя имеющиеся панели для эпилепсии [43].…”

“…в 2011 г. [42]. Проведен систематический обзор 31 ста-тьи, отобранной из 2994 включенных в первоначальный анализ.…”

“…Авторы сделали заключение, что при умствен-ной отсталости у детей наблюдают как минимум 18 раз-личных хронических заболеваний, многие из которых сами включают умственную недостаточность как один из симптомов (например, синдром Дауна), а другие рас-сматриваются как сопутствующие (например, аутизм). Авторы выявили 6 наиболее часто встречающихся хро-нических заболеваний у детей с умственной отстало-стью: эпилепсия (22%), детский церебральный паралич (19,8%), тревожные расстройства (17,1%), оппозицион-но-вызывающее расстройство (12,4%), синдром Дауна (11,0%) и аутизм (10,1%) [42].…”

Clinical utility gene card for: 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome

“…assuming population frequencies of 2% for DD, 43 1% for ASD, 44,45 0.85% for epilepsy (http://www.parliament.uk/briefing-papers/ sn05691.pdf), 46 and 0.72% for SCZ, 42,47 and correcting for co-morbidity rates of 10% for ASD/DD, 48 22% for epilepsy/DD, 48 8% for epilepsy/ASD, 49 4.4% for SCZ/DD, 50,51 2.4% for SCZ/ASD 52 and 2.4% for SCZ/epilepsy. 53 Importantly, Kirov et al recently reported an overall penetrance estimation of 40% (95% CI ¼ 21-72%) for 15q13.3 microdeletions in SCZ and early-onset developmental disorders, which is very close to our estimate of 44% (95% CI ¼ 29-63%) for neurodevelopmental disorders, although the authors did not specifically include the epilepsy phenotype in their calculations, and accounted instead for various congenital malformations.…”